Along shores which are aligned generally in a north-south direction, the pre- 
dominant littoral drift is northward. Due to the irregularity of the shore 
characterized by numerous indentations and projections, there is no general 
littoral movement either eastward or westward. Movement of material along 
shores aligned generally in an east-west direction is largely influenced by 
the direction of the maximum lengths of open water fronting these shores, over 
which waves can be generated. 
The study area is characterized by headlands of unconsolidated glacial 
material with numerous rock outcrops, between some of which wave-built bars 
have been formed and the landward areas generally have filled and become 
marshy. The headlands formerly supplied ample material to the intervening 
beaches, but the headlands are now generally rocky or are protected by sea- 
walls and revetments. The supply of material is thus reduced or eliminated 
ana consequently the beaches have slowly deteriorated. Groins have been 
found to be capable of causing minor accretion areas and stabilizing a narrow 
band along the upper portion of the beach, but the natural supply of material 
is generally insufficient for the formation of adequate protective beaches by 
groins alone. The building and maintenance of adequate beaches may be 
accomplished by artificial placement of sand. The rate of loss of fill can 
be reduced by groins. 
The Beach Erosion Board concluded that the best plans for the protection 
and improvement of beaches within the study area were as follows: 
a. West View - Direct placement of a sand beach in front of seawalls 
and cottages, and construction of an impermeable groin at the west limit of the 
ifslibe 
b. Jupiter Point - Construction of a dumped riprap mound in front 
of the cottages along the west side of Jupiter Point; and 
c. Eastern Point Beach Park - Direct placement of sand along the 
narrow west end of the bathing beach and enlargement of the impermeable 
groin at the east limit of the park. 
the Board stated that the improvement of Eastern Point Beach Park ap- 
peared to be justified by evaluated benefits, but concluded that the limited 
public interest other than recreational, involved in the improvement, the 
local character of the public interest and the minor Federal aid for which 
the project would be qualified do not warrant adoption of a Federal project 
for protection of this area. The Board believed, however, that local interests 
should review carefully the benefits estimated by the Division Engineer for 
protective and improvement measures considered and should determine for them- 
selves the economic justification for undertaking those works as local pro- 
jects. As existing Federal law does not include a policy of Federal aid in 
protecting privately owned shores, no Federal participation was recommended by 
the Board in the cost of other work considered. 
In accordance with existing statutory requirements, the Board stated its 
opinion that: 
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