for beach building cannot enter the area from either the east or west nor 
pass Huron Harbor in any appreciable quantity. Miscellaneous groins and 
walls have been constructed in an attempt te prevent erosion of the shore. 
Short groins have generally caused minor accretion on their east sides and 
have reduced recession of the bluffs to some extent. The accretion east of 
the jetties at Cedar Point and Huron Harbor indicates a westward predominance 
of littoral drift. 
The mean lake level for the months of April to November is about 1.7 
feet above the established low water datum. The highest lake stage and the 
highest monthly mean recorded at Cleveland, Ohio, are respectively about 5 
and ) feet above low water datum. Storms cause sharp changes in lake levels 
as winds move the water toward the ends of the lake. The greater fetch 
and movement of winds affecting the area are from the northeasterly quadrant, 
and because the area is near the western end of Lake Erie, it is estimated 
that, considering the effect of wind set up during easterly storms, the 
lake could reach a level in the study area of about 6.5 feet above low water 
datum. During a northeast storm waves may range up to 10 or 12 feet in 
height in deep water, but ordinarily waves of this height would break before 
reaching shore structures. The maximum wave height that need be considered 
in designing structures where no protective beach will remain is probably 
5 feet. Existing groins with shore ends from about 6 to 10 feet above low 
water datum indicate that these elevations are generally adequate to impound 
a low protective beachwWerre a supply of sand by littoral drift is available. 
In the Cedar Point area the alignment of the shore line is such that it is 
exposed to a more direct approach of waves generated by winds of longer 
fetch than is possible at other points, and the beach is the only protection 
to the highway; therefore protection should be provided against wave action 
to a height of 10 feet above low water datum. For the remainder of the 
study area an elevation of 6 feet for the shore end of groins should be used. 
Ice forms a protective coating over beaches during winter months, but the 
lifting and battering action of shifting ice floes during the spring breakup 
must be considered in designing shore structures for structural stability. 
The district engineer developed plans for protecting and improving the 
shores of the study area, and concluded that the most suitable plan of improve- 
ment for the portion of Cedar Point westerly of the New Entrmce Road would 
be the artificial placement of fill to restore eroded beaches and construction 
of groins to reduce the rate of loss of the fill, with the groin construction 
deferred until it could be determined by maintenance experiance that their 
construction would reduce annual cost. He considered that the shore from 
Huron Harbor to Old Woman Creek could also be maintained by artificial 
nourishment, if cooperative action by owners could be obtained, otherwise 
an individual owner could protect his property by groins. He further 
concluded that for the remainder of the problem area, the most suitable 
methods of stabilizing the shore line include the protection of an existing 
or artificially created beach by groin construction and protection of the 
bluff by a seawall or stone revetment, selection of the method to be based 
upon the proposed use of the property. He also concludéd that the publicly 
owned Huron Waterworks and State Roadside Park properties are adequately 
28) 
