protected at the present time, that protection of the Fedérally operated Plum 
Brook Ordnance Works pumping station should be undertaken by the Federal agency 
controlling the property, and that no Federal interest is involved in any of the 
plans of improvement ffor private property. As aresult of an investigation 
of underwater sand and gravel deposits in the vicinity of Lorain and Fairport 
Harbors, the district engineer found that sand suitable for beach building is 
available in quantities in excess of amounts needed for recommended improwement 
of beaches along the Chio shore line. The district engineer recommended that 
owners of private property adopt the plan of improvement considered best suited 
to the immediate area and its desired utilization and further recommended that 
continuous sections of shore be protected at one time where justified by 
local benefits with no Federal participation in the cost of the improvements. 
The Beach Brosion Board stated that the area under consideration was the 
subject of areport by the Board in 191 and that the current report was 
initiated at the request of the cooperating agency primarily to develop plans 
suitable for protecting shorter reaches of shore frontage, since coordinated 
action of the many owners involved on the previously recommended plan had 
not been effected. The Board was still of the opinion that artificial 
nourishment by placement of a supply of material at the east end of each 
section, Vermilion to Huron or Huron to Cedar Point, would be the most 
effective and economical comprehensive plan for protecting and improving 
either complete section and should be tested before resorting to a bayhead 
beach system including groins, but stated that the method of artificial 
nourishment could also be used for smaller sections by placing material at 
the east limit of the section. The plans considered most suitable by the 
district engineer for the Cedar Point section and for the section from 
Huron Harbor to Old Woman Creek are extensions of this principle. 
The Board concurred in the conclusion of the reporting officers that 
the most suitable comprehensive plan of improvement for the Cedar Point 
area westerly from the New Entrance Road is restoration of eroded beaches 
by artificial placement of sand and construction of groins to reduce the 
rate of loss, with the groin construction deferred until it is determined 
by observation that annual maintenance costs without groins are great 
enough to justify their construction. However, the Board considered it 
unlikely that a plan of maintenance by the feeder beach method without 
groins would have higher annual costs than the combined plan of fill and 
groins. The Board's opinion that groins probably will not be justified 
for the Cedar Point area did not imply that groins will not be needed 
where short frontages are protected by individual owners. In those 
cases where the natural supply from littoral drift is small, the losses 
should be expected to be relatively large without adequate groins. In 
view of the probable high rate of loss and the high unit cost of sand 
fill for the small quantities involved, the Board concluded that groins 
would be essential prior to placement of fill. At the request of the 
cooperating agency, other plans of protection were developed by which 
individual owners can protect shorter lengths of shore. These plans com- 
prise groins to improve or retain existing or artificially filled beaches, 
or seawalls or revetments where beaches are not required. The Board con- 
curred in those plans, but pointed out that existing meager littoral drift 
a4, 
