changes in lake levels as winds move the water toward the ends of the 

 lake. Of winds which generate waves affecting the area, those from the 

 northeasterly quadrant have the greatest fetch, about l50 miles. Those 

 from the northwesterly quadrant apparently have an approximately equal 

 effect on material movement, as the predominant direction of drift is 

 eastward on the shore having a northwest-southeast orientation and west- 

 ward on shores having a northeast-southwest orientation. It is estimated 

 that, considering the effect of wind-set-up during easterly storms to be 

 about 1/2 foot, the lake could reach a level in the study area of about 

 i4..5 feet above low water datum. During ^severe storms waves may range 

 up to 12.5 feet in height in deep water, but ordinarily waves of ttiis 

 height would break before reaching the shore structure. The maximum 

 height of waves breaking landward of the low water datum shore line at a 

 design lake stage of U.5 above low water datum would be about 3.5 feet. 

 Existing beaches have been preserved by groin vsystems. Any new beach 

 development would require artificial placement of fill and its retention 

 by a groin system. In those areas where no beach presently exists and 

 none is desired, the bluff may be protected by a seawall with top elevation 

 of 8 feet above low water datum and the slope above armored with stone 

 revetment to elevation 12 feet above low water datum. If the bluff above 

 the revetment is graded to a stable slope, so that slumping thereof would 

 not cause a horizontal thrust against the revetment, protection can also 

 be provided by a continuous belt of heavy riprap at the toe of the bluff 

 extending up to elevation 12 feet above low water datum. Ice forms a 

 protective coating over beaches during winter months, but the lifting 

 and battering action of shifting ice floes during the spring breakup must 

 be considered in designing shore structures for structural stability. 



The division and district engineers and Beach Erosion Board have 

 developed plans for protecting and improving the shores of the study area. 

 They concluded that there is an insufficient natural supply of beach 

 material to provide beaches of the minimum width necessary to protect the 

 bluffs from erosion by wave action for the greater part of the study area 

 and that the most practicable general plan of protection of the shore 

 line consists of some type of seawall or revetment. They also concluded 

 that if additional beach is desired, the plan would consist of artificial 

 placement of fill and groins to retain the fill. They further concluded 

 that for the publicly owned shores, ho additional protection is required 

 or that the protective benefits of the considered work are not sufficient 

 to make the project eligible for Federal participation under existing 

 laws. They recommended that owners of private property adopt the plan 

 of improvement considered best suited to local conditions and the desired 

 use of the property, and that continuous sections of shore be protected at 

 one time wherever possible to prevent flanking of isolated improved sections. 

 They recommended no Federal participation in the cost of any of the 

 proposed improvements. 



In accordance with existing statutory requirements, the Board stated 

 its opinion that J 



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