290 



THE BEITISH ISLES. 



and Manchester. Stockton, t miles above the mouth of the Tecs, is joined by a 

 bridge to South Stockton, in Yorkshire, and has iron works, sliip-yards, sail-cloth 

 factories, and glass houses. Near Stockton are the village of Billiwjham, with 

 an old Norman church, and Wi/uyard, the Grecian mansion of the Earl of 

 Lonsdale. Port Claremr, at the mouth of the river, has iron works, and exports 

 much coal. The Bay of the Tees is much cumbered with sand-banks, but its 

 navigation is rendered safe by lights, buoys, and embankments. 



Turning north from it, we pass the pretty bathing-place of Scaton Carew, with 

 beautiful sands and the remains of a submerged forest, and roach Hartlepool, 

 proudly seated upon a bold promontory, whence we overlook a wide expanse of 

 the sea and wild country backed by the Yorkshire hills. An opulent city in the 



Fig. 144.— IlAKTLErOOL. 



Scale 1 : 85,000. 



Depth under ô 

 Tathoms. 



Depth ovoi 5 

 Fathoms. 



1 Mile. 



time of the early Norman kings, Hartlepool in course of time fell from its high 

 estate, and at the beginning of the present century had hardly 1,000 inhabitants. 

 The leading place in the commercial movements of England, which it has taken since 

 1832, is wholly due to the opening of coal mines in its vicinity, and to the construc- 

 tion of docks, quays, and warehouses. The present town of Hartlepool is altogether a 

 creation of modern times. Its docks, accessible to vessels drawing 26 feet of water, 

 partly occupy an ancient inlet of the sea, and quite a new town, West Hartlepool, 

 has sprung up to the south of them. Hartlepool imports corn, flour, timber, and 

 live animals, and exports in return coal and the produce of its iron and engineering 

 works. Ship-building is actively carried on. T/iroston is a small town to the 

 westward, and almost a suburb of Hartlepool. 



