EDINBURGH. 327 



Science and Art, modelled upon that of South Xeusington, but possessing in 

 addition a natural-history collection, adjoins it. The observatory on Calton 

 Hill, by the side of Nelson's unshapely monument and of an incomplete repro- 

 duction of the Parthenon, intended to commemorate the glories of Waterloo, is 

 a dependency of the university. There are a famous medical school, various 

 theological colleges, a veterinary college, a high school, Fettes College (richly 

 endowed), and many other schools in which a classical education, preparatory to 

 a university career, may be secured. On the " Mound," which connects the old 

 town with the new, rise two classical structures, namely, the Royal Institution, 

 with an antiquarian miiseum and a statue gallery, and the National Gallery of 

 Paintings. Statues and monuments are numerous in every part of the town^ 

 most prominent being the Gothic canopy sheltering a seated statue of Sir Walter 

 Scott. Botanical and zoological gardens still further bear witness to the zeal 

 which animates the citizens in all that relates to education, and prove that they 

 are firmly resolved that their city shall deserve its epithet in the future as it 

 has earned it in the past. Nor is there any lack of charitable institutions. 

 The Poyal Infirmary ; Heriot's Hospital for the Education of Fatherless Boys, 

 founded by James's " Jingling Geordie ; " and Donaldson's Hospital for Deaf and 

 Dumb are institutions of which any city might feel proud. 



Edinburgh is not a manufacturing town, although in the matter of literary 

 publications of every kind it may fearlessly take its place by the side of London. 

 In no other town of Britain are the members of the liberal professions so numerous. 

 Unfortunately the number of proletarians is as great as in many a factory to^\^l, 

 and the narrow "closes" of the old town hide a population seething in vice, which 

 ever attends upon misery. 



Leith, the maritime suburb of Edinburgh, is a seat of manufactories, where 

 we meet with foundries, engineering works, breweries, india-rubber and gutta- 

 percha works, foundries, glass houses, and rope-walks. The harbour, one of the 

 oldest in Scotland, is protected by two long piers, 3,530 and 3,123 fest in length, 

 and regular steam communication exists between it and Iceland, Denmark, 

 Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, and the coasts of England and Scotland. 

 Neichaven, a small fishing village, adjoins Leith, whilst Granton, though only a 

 mile to the west of it, is an independent port, connected by a steamboat ferry with 

 Burntisland, in Fife. Portohello, thus named by a sailor who had taken part in 

 the assault upon a town of the same name in America, has grown into favour as a 

 watering-place. Near it are the Joppa salt works. 



Musselburgh, at the mouth of the Esk, spanned by three bridges, of which the 

 oldest is said to have been constructed by the Romans, who had a camp on 

 Inveresk Hill, has extensive links, affording the best golfing ground near Edin- 

 burgh. Pinkie House, an interesting mansion, near which the Earl of Hertford 

 defeated the Scots in 1547, and Carberry Hill, where, in 1567, Queen Mary 

 surrendered to her insurgent nobles, are in the neighbourhood. Dalkeith, a small 

 manufacturing town and busy grain market, with collieries near it, lies a few 

 miles up the river, at the confluence of the North and South Esk. Close to it 



