APPENDIX III. 475 



II, Summary of Ancient Egyptian History with Dates according to the 

 Calculations of M, Mariette and Dr. Brugsch. 



ANCIENT EMPIRE. 



I. Dynasty : Thinite, so called from its capital, This, or Thinis. 



M.^' 5004, B.f 4400 b.c. 



Menés (Mena), founder of the city of Memphis and of the Egyptian monarchy. His 

 name is mentioned by all the ancient writers who have dealt with the 

 subject of Egyptian chronology, and their testimony is confirmed by the 

 native documents, in which Menés is always referred to as the founder of 

 the empire. But no monument has been discovered which can be traced 

 back to his reign. 



Tota (Athothis), of whom there are no records. 



Uenephes I., to whom is attributed the step-pyramid of Saqqarah. 



II. Dynasty : Memphite, so called from its capital Memphis. 



M. 4751, B. 4133. 



Kakau (Eaiechos), during whose reign the worship of Apis was established at 

 Memphis, and that of Mnevis at On (Heliopolis ). B. 4100. 



III. Dynasty : Memphite. 



M. 4449, B. 3966. 



Snefru (Senefeu), the first king whose name appears inscribed on contemporaneous 

 monuments, amongst which are the Pyramid of Meidum and a bas-relief 

 of Senefru discovered in the "Wady Magharah, Sinai Peninsula. These 

 monuments already reveal a state of civilisation as completely developed 

 as at the time of the Persian conquest, with thoroughly original features 

 and all the marks of a long previous existence. The ox, dog, and other 

 useful animals had already been domesticated, and the Egyptian language 

 was completely formed and differentiated from the allied Hamitic and 

 more remotely connected Semitic tongues. B. 3766. 



IV. Dynasty : Memphite. / 



M. 4235, B. 3733. 



Shufu (Khufu), that is Suphis, or Cheops, builder of the great pyramid of Gizeh, 

 M. 4235, B. 3733. 



Khafra (Khephren), builder of the second pyramid of Gizeh. B. 3666. 



* M., Mariette. t B., Brugsch. 



