APPENDIX III. 487 



XXX. Dynasty : Sebbenyte. 



M. and B. 378. , 



Nectanebo I. Defeated the Persians and rided for eighteen years in peace. 

 Tachos, who, aided by the Spartans under Agesilaus, repelled the Persian invasion 

 conducted by Artaxerxes Mnemon. 



Nectanebo II., last native king of Egypt, overthrown by Artaxerxes Ochus, who 

 restored the Persian rule, reducing the country to a Persian satrapy. 

 Since then Egypt never recovered her political independence, and has 

 been governed by foreigners or foreign dynasties. 



XXXI. Dynasty: Persian. 



M. and B. 340. 



Artaxerxes Ochus. 



Darius III. (Codomanus), overthrown by Alexander the Great. 



XXXII. Dynasty : Macedonian. 

 332. 



Alexander, founded Alexandria. 



XXXIII. Dynasty : Greek or Ptolemaic. 



305. 



Ptolemy Laqus or Soter, natural son of Philip of Macedon, and one of the best 

 generals of Alexander, soon after whose death he founded the Lagide or 

 Greek dynasty, which comprised the whole ot Egypt, Libya, and part of 

 Arabia. To these possessions after the death of Perdiccas were added 

 Ccele-Syria, Phoenicia, Judaea, and the island of Cyjjrus. He made 

 Alexandria the capital of his empire, and here he built the famous Pharos 

 or lighthouse, one of the " seven wonders " of the ancient world. He was 

 a great patron of letters and founder of the academy and museum of 

 Alexandria. 



Ptolemy Philadelphus, 286, son and successor of Ptolemy Soter, surnamed Philadel- 

 phus, or " brother-loving," in irony from the circumstance that he put to 

 death two of his brothers ; developed commercial enterprise, encouraged 

 literature, and caused the Hebrew Bible to be translated into Greek in 

 the still extant version known as the Septuagint. 



Plotemy Euergetes I., 247, son of Ptolemy Philadelphus, who in a war declared 

 against Seleucus Callinicus, overran Syria and Cilicia. But his victorious 

 career was arrested by a revolt of his Egyptian subjects, which, however, 

 was soon suppressed. The title of Euergetes, or "Benefactor," was earned 

 by his prudent and beneficent administration. 



Ptolemy Philopator, 222, ironically named the "father-loving," for his cruelty in 

 putting to death his father, as weU as his mother, brother, sister, and 

 uncle. He also at first persecuted the Jews, exposing them, as is said, 

 to the fury of his elephants. But when these animals instead of de- 



