488 APPENDIX III. 



stroyiug his intended victims turned upon his own subjects, he conceived 

 a great respect for the Jewish people, loading them with many favours. 



• Ptolemy Epiphanes, 205, or the "Illustrious," succeeded his father, Philopator, at the 

 age of fourteen, and during his minority was compelled to cede many of 

 his possessions to the victorious Antiochus the Great, King of Syria. 

 These, however, were afterwards restored as a dowry when Antiochus 

 gave his daughter in marriage to Ptolemy. 



Ptolemy Piiilometor, 182, son of Ptolemy Epiphanes, who in a war with Antiochus 

 Epij)hanes was taken prisoner and held captive in Syria. Thereupon the 

 Egj^tians raised his brother Physcon to the throne ; but he was deposed 

 and Philometor restored by Antiochus. 



Ptolemy Physcon, 146, brother of Philometor, after whose death he again ascended 

 the throne. He was a detestable tyi-ant, who on two occasions ordered 

 a general massacre of the citizens of Alexandria, and put his own son 

 Memphitis to death. 



Ptolemy Lathy^bus, 117, so called from an excrescence on his nose resembling a pea, 

 son of Ptolemy Ji*hyscon, who soon after his accession was banished to 

 Cyprus by his mother Cleopatra. The crown was then bestowed on his 

 brother Ptolemy Alexander, after whose death Lathyrus resumed the 

 sceptre. He invaded Judsea, and wasted the country with fire and sword. 



Ptolemy Auletes, 81, that is, the " flute -player," illegitimate son of Lathyrus, 

 surrendered Cyprus to the Romans, also agi'eeing to pay them a large 

 tribute. This caused a revolt amongst his subjects, by whom his daughter 

 Berenice was placed on the throne. But by the assistance of his allies 

 Auletes recovered possession of his estates, and put Berenice to death. 



Ptolemy Bacchus, or Dionysius, 51, son of Auletes, reigned jointly with his sister 

 Cleopatra, whom he married in accordance with the will of his father In 

 his time Pompey, after the battle of Pharsalia, fled to Egypt, and was 

 murdered on landing at Alexandria. In the war that ensued with the 

 Eomans he was defeated and drowned in the Nile. Cleopatra was then 

 reseated on the throne by Cœsar, and reigned jointly with a younger 

 brother, Ptolemy, whom, however, she afterwards poisoned. After the 

 battle of Actium she avoided falling into the hands of Octavius by com- 

 mitting suicide. With her the dynasty of the Ptolemies ended, and 

 Egypt became a Roman province under the Emperor Augustus. Since 

 then the country has continued to be ruled by foreigners or by foreign 

 dynasties. 



