PREFACE 



This report is published to improve the understanding of Great Lakes bluff 

 recession and the factors controlling it. The report is the result of a study 

 of a series of air photos taken between 1970 and 1974 of 8 kilometers of shore- 

 line in Berrien County, Michigan. The work was carried out under the coastal 

 processes program of the U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC). 



The report was prepared by William A. Birkemeier, Hydraulic Engineer, 

 imder the supervision of Dr. C. Galvin, Jr. and C. Mason, Coastal Processes 

 Branch, Research Division. 



The author acknowledges the assistance of many CERC staff members, includ- 

 ing S. Hildenbrandt for his painstaking collection of the data and review of 

 the report; T.J. Lawler for developing some of the computer programs; K. Jacobs 

 for aid in some of the data analysis; and Dr. D.L. Harris, C. Mason, A.E. DeWall, 

 and E.B. Hands for their helpful reviews and comments which greatly benefited 

 the report. Reviews by Dr. C.J. Galvin, Jr. (formerly of CERC), C. Johnson, 

 U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Central (who originally suggested the study), 

 R. Elkin, U.S. Army Engineer District, Detroit, and C. Kureth, The Traverse 

 Group, Ann Arbor, Michigan, contributed greatly to improving and consolidating 

 the final report. 



Comments on this publication are invited. 



Approved for publication in accordance with Public Law 166, 79th Congress, 

 approved 31 July 1945, as supplemented by Public Law 172, 88th Congress, 

 approved 7 November 1963. 



d^-^'.-^- / - 



■/TED E. BISHOP 



Colonel, Corps of Engineers 

 Commander and Director 



