SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS 



A cross-sectional flow area of gap between breakwaters 

 c 



A cross-sectional flow area between breakwaters and sboreline 

 ce 



a, b empirical runup coefficients 



B breakwater gap width 



C d discharge coefficient for breakwater gaps 



C, discharge coefficient for space between breakwaters and shoreline 



d water depth at the toe of the structure 

 s 



F breakwater freeboard = h - d 



s 



g acceleration due to gravity 



H wave height at the structure 



H' equivalent deepwater wave height 



H significant wave height at the structure 



h structure height 



h, difference in mean water levels inside and outside of breakwaters 



K a dimensionless parameter 



L deepwater wavelength 



SL breakwater length 



£n log e 



N number of breakwaters 



P ponding level 



Q mean net flow rate through a breakwater gap or inlet 



Q net inflow by overtopping of a breakwater 



Q* empirical overtopping parameter 



q net inflow by overtopping per unit length of a breakwater 



q overtopping per unit length of breakwater with no return flow 



R runup 



