Table 38 



Calumet Harbor Breakwaters 



Calumet Harbor and River, Illinois and Indiana 



Date(s) Construction and Rehabilitation History 



1904 Construction of a 6,714-f t-long attached breakwater was completed 

 (Figure 100, Sections A and B) . The breakwaters were stone-filled 

 timber crib structures built on a stone base. Riprap toe protection 

 was installed on each side of the breakwater. The shoreward I,700-ft 

 length was 24 ft in vjidth (Figure 101, Section A), and the remaining 

 breakwater was 30 ft wide (Figure 101, Section B) . 



1921 The inner 1,700-ft portion of the breakwater (Figure 100, Section A) 

 was capped with a stone and concrete superstructure, resulting in a 

 crest el of +7.1 ft Iwd (Figure 101, Section A). 



1924 The outer 5,014-ft portion of the timber crib breakwater (Figure 100, 

 Section B) was capped with a stone and concrete superstructure. The 

 crest el of the breakwater was +7.1 ft Iwd (Figure 101, Section B) . 



1935 Construction of a 5, 007-f t-long cellular steel sheet-pile detached 

 breakwater (Figure 100, Section C) was completed. The cells had a 

 radius of 40 ft and were stone filled. Riprap toe protection was 

 placed on each side of the breakwater. The structures were capped 

 with stone (7 to 20 tons each) and had a crest el of +7.6 ft Iwd 

 (Figure 101, Section C) . 



1957 Portions of the detached breakwater (Figures 100 and 101, Sec- 

 tions C-1 and C-2) were repaired. Heavy riprap stone was placed on 

 each side of the structure at the northern end (Section C-1) and on 

 the lakeside of the breakwater on the southerly end (Section C-2) . 



1961- Portions of the attached timber crib breakwater (Figures 100 and 101, 

 1962 Sections A-1 and B-1) were repaired. Riprap protection was placed on 



the lakeside of the breakwater at Section A-1 and on the harbor side 



at Section B-1 . 



1984 A severe storm occurred in February with estimated wave heights of 

 15 ft. Two cells at the southern end of the detached breakwater 

 failed, and the fill stone was lost under the impact of the storm 

 waves. Stones ranging from 6 to 23 tons were placed on the ends of 

 the damaged cells in October to stabilize them and prevent damage to 

 adjacent cells. A total of 3,938 tons of stone was used during these 

 repairs. During November a site inspection of the attached timber 

 crib structure revealed damaged concrete with exposed rebar, 

 spalling, concrete deterioration, fractured concrete, voids, and 

 erosion of some cribs on the harbor side. 



1985 A reconnaissance report for breakwater rehabilitation was published 

 by NCC recommending conversion of the attached breakwater to a 

 rubble-mound structure as an attempt to preserve the detached break- 

 water with rubble-mound berms installed on each side. 



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