Table 51 



Ludington Harbor Structures 



Ludington, Michigan 



Date(s) Construction and Rehabilitation History 



1866- Construction of a north (Figure 139 Sections J and Jl) and south 

 1874 (Figure 139, Sections L, M, and N) pier was completed during this 



period. The north pier consisted of stone-filled timber cribs about 

 20 ft in width (Figure 140, Sections J and Jl) . The south pier orig- 

 inally consisted of stone-filled 20-ft-wide timber cribs (Figure 139, 

 Sections L and M) and woodpilings (Figure 137, Section N) spaced 

 about 20 ft apart and filled with stone. 



1879- The north pier was extended (Figure 139, Sections G and H) by 311 ft. 



1880 The extension involved the construction of stone-filled timber cribs 



(Figure 140, Sections G and H) with a width of about 24 ft. 



1907- Construction of the north and south breakwaters (Figure 139) was 

 1914 completed in this time frame. The lakeward portions of the break- 

 waters (Figures 139, 141, and 142, Sections A, B, C, D, and E) were 

 constructed with stone-filled timber cribs with a width of 30 ft. 

 The structures were built on a stone base. The shoreward portions of 

 the breakwaters (Figures 139 and 142, Sections F and Fl) were con- 

 structed with woodpiling with widths ranging from 12 to 20 ft. 



1922- The north pier (Figures 139 and 140, Sections G, H, J, and Jl), the 

 1929 south pier (Figure 139, Sections L, M, and N) and the lakeward por- 

 tions of the north (Figures 139 and 141, Sections A and B) and south 

 (Figures 139 and 142, Sections C and D) breakwaters were capped with 

 stone and concrete superstructures during this period. The crest els 

 of the north and south piers were +6.0 ft Iwd, and those of the north 

 and south breakwaters were approximately +7.1 and +6.75 ft Iwd, 

 respectively. 



1936- The shoreward portions of the north and south breakwaters (Fig- 



1937 ures 139, 141, and 142, Sections C, F, and Fl) were capped with stone 



and concrete superstructures. The crest els of these structures 



ranged from about +6 ft to +7.1 ft Iwd. 



1954- The north pier (Figure 139, Sections G, H, J, and Jl) and the lake- 

 1964 ward end of the south breakwater (Figure 139, Sections D and E) were 

 repaired during this time. The north pier was encased with steel 

 sheetpiling. The lakeward portion of the pier (Figure 140, Sec- 

 tions G, H, and J) included gravel fill and a concrete cap. The re- 

 paired pier was about 32 ft wide and had a crest el ranging from 

 +7.0 ft Iwd (Section G) to +7.5 ft Iwd (Sections H and J). The 

 shoreward portion of the pier (Figure 140, Section Jl) was stone 

 filled on the channel side with a concrete cap. The structure was 

 backfilled with sand at an el of +6.0 ft Iwd. Repairs to the south 



(Continued) 



224 



