4.26 Bottom reflection loss vs grazing angle for the Straits of Sicily for the 



frequencies of 100 and 200 Hz and for the two sediment attenuations ... 62 



4.27a Bottom reflection loss for the Straits of Sicily for two frequencies and two 



sediment attenuations. Frequency of 400 Hz ... 63 



4.27b Bottom reflection loss for the Straits of Sicily for two frequencies and two 



sediment attenuations. Frequency of 800 Hz ... 64 



4.28 Cylindrical spreading loss plus absorption loss m the water as a function of 



frequency for fixed ranges of 50, 100 and 150 km ... 65 



TABLES 



2.1 Locations of shallow water sites ... 8 



3.1 North Sea profiles ... 18 



3.2 Sediments at the North Sea site ... 20 



3.3 Strait of Juan de Fuca sound speed profiles ... 21 



3.4 Sediments at the Strait of Juan de Fuca site ... 21 



3.5 Summary of sound speed profiles for the site East of Singapore ... 24 



3.6 Sediment properties of the site East of Singapore ... 24 



3.7 Lands End profiles ... 29 



3.8 Sediment properties of the Lands End site ... 29 



3.9 Korea Strait sound speed profiles ... 31 



3.10 Sediment properties at the Korea Strait site ... 31 



3. 1 1 Straits of Sicily sound speed profiles ... 33 



3.12 Straits of Sicily sediments — shallow model ... 36 



3.13 Straits of Sicily sediments — deep model ... 36 



3.14 Shallow Bering Sea sound speed profiles ... 37 



3.15 Bass Strait sound speed profiles ... 37 



3.16 Coast of Brazil sound speed profiles ... 38 



3.17 Summary of positive gradient profiles ... 38 



4.1 Sound speed in the water column ... 39 



4.2 Sediment parameters used in computations, North Sea site ... 39 



4.3 Sound speed in the water column ... 43 



4.4 Sediment parameters used in computations. Strait of Juan de Fuca ... 43 



4.5 Sound speed in the water column, East of Singapore site ... 45 



4.6 Sediment parameters used in computations. East of Singapore ... 46 



4.7 Sound speed in the water column. Lands End site ... 46 



4.8 Sediment parameters used in computations. Lands End ... 46 



4.9 Sound speed in the water column, Korea Strait ... 48 



4.10 Sediment parameters used in computations, Korea Strait ... 48 

 4. 1 1 Sound speed in the water column, Straits of Sicily ... 52 



4.12 Sediment parameters used in computations, Straits of Sicily ... 52 



4.13 Attenuation coefficients ... 59 



