the bluff causes slumping of the soil and, at times, large landslides. 



Shore conditions of Lake Michigan from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to 

 Muskegon, Michigan, varied from sloping beaches to severely eroding 

 bluffs. The shoreline of Cecil Bay was not severely eroding; the bay 

 formed a protected area with a relatively flat bottom for a consider- 

 able distance from shore. 



Two emergent hydrophytes, great bulrush (Seirpus acutus) and spike 

 rush (Eleooharis palustris) were observed at Cecil Bay, Michigan. 



Vigorous stands of wild rye were present at the public beach at 

 Kewaunee, Wisconsin, despite public land use pressures. At Illinois 

 Beach State Park, diverse plant species enhanced sand accumulation. 

 The pioneer wild rye and the secondary invaders, creeping cedar 

 (Juniperus horizontalis ) 3 false Solomon's seal (Smilacina stellata) 3 

 sandbar-willow (Salix interior ) 3 pepper-grass (Lepidium virginicwn) s 

 wild rose (Rosa bZccnda) , forest-grape (Vitis riparia) , sand cherry, 

 and bearberry (Arotostaphylos uva-ursi) were well established. Wild 

 rye, an excellent sand binding grass, was present also at Porter, 

 Indiana. 



Steep, unstable sandy bluffs are a problem at New Buffalo, Michigan, 

 but the sand cherry established on the more gentle cap has increased 

 slope stability, thereby retarding the sloughing process. High water 

 toe lines were stabilized by forest-grape and red osier dogwood (Cornus 

 stotonifera) at Union Pier, Michigan. Stabilized dunes were noted at 

 Warren Dunes State Park, Michigan. There, the dominant rhizomatous 

 grass, prairie sandreed, provided a wind impediment resulting in sand 

 accumulation and dune stabilization. 



The Soil Conservation Service at Kewaunee, Wisconsin, has success- 

 fully stabilized shores by dewatering the glacial till, sloping the 

 face of the bluffs, and seeding the reshaped slopes (Fig. 6). In 

 this case, dewatering is the key factor and is essential to control 

 erosion caused by seepage. 



At the Kenilworth, Illinois, Public Water Works, a concrete seawall 

 and groin have been built (Fig. 7). A private residential beach 

 fronted the seawall, but the recent rise in water level has reduced the 

 beach to a small area adjacent to the groin. This seawall has success- 

 fully controlled bank erosion. 



About 4.5 miles south of Grand Haven, Michigan, a high sandbank 

 overlies a firm clay base; rainfall rapidly eroded the unprotected sand, 

 and gullies developed in the shore. Public access will influence what 

 type of vegetation is used here. 



3. Lake Huron . 



The northern shores of Lake Huron, from its junction with Inter- 

 state Highway 75 to De Tour Village, Michigan, (and adjacent to State 



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