Highway 134), is about 43 miles long. The shore consists of low plains 

 and some outcrops of limestone and dolomite. None of the sites 

 inspected had severely eroding shorelines. 



A second survey was made along U.S. Highway 23 from Mackinaw City, 

 Michigan, to Hammond Bay, where the shore is potentially erodible even 

 though stony. Although the banks appeared to be easily erodible, there 

 was little evidence of severe erosion, and grasses and broadleaved 

 plants were observed in the sandy reaches. 



A gently sloping shore 3.5 miles east of State Route 134 and the 

 Interstate 75 interchange provided suitable habitat for bluejoint, 

 great bulrush, and rush (Fig. 8). Although bluejoint and rush are 

 flood-tolerant, they are not important species for wave attenuation. 



About 38 miles east of the State Route 134-Interstate 75 inter- 

 change, pioneer, secondary, and tertiary terrestrial species were ob- 

 served. Rhizomatous, herbaceous pioneers included wild rye and blue- 

 joint. Secondary species included creeping cedar, false Solomon's 

 seal, sand cherry, and bearberry. The invading arborescent tertiary 

 species was balsam fir (Abies balsamea) . Pioneer species such as 

 silver-weed (Potent-ilia ansevina) closely associated with the land-water 

 interface were observed at 6.7 miles northwest of Huron Beach, Michigan, 

 on U.S. Route 23. Other sampling points along Lake Huron were at 5.9 

 and 2.8 miles northwest of Huron Beach, Michigan, on U.S. Route 23. 

 Plants observed at the former site included wheat grass (Agropyron 

 dasystachyum) , wild rye, false Solomon's seal, sand cherry, beach-pea, 

 and red osier dogwood; the latter site contained wild rye, heart-leaved 

 willow, sand cherry, and bearberry. 



4. Lake Erie. 



Severe bank erosion was evident along all of the Lake Erie shore 

 examined. The frequent wave attack on the shore prevents establish- 

 ment of submergent and emergent hydrophytes that might be used for 

 erosion control. 



Terrestrial plants observed along the Lake Erie shore were cotton- 

 wood (Populus deltoides) and sandbar willow near Sterling State Park, 

 Michigan, and cottonwood and wild rye at Presque Isle State Park near 

 Erie, Pennsylvania. None of these plants was exposed to waves. 



A breakwater jetty at Ashtabula, Ohio, produced a stilling effect 

 between the structure and the shore, providing habitat for reed 

 (Fig. 9). 



5. Lake Ontario . 



Wave action and erosion along Lake Ontario shores were as severe 

 as along Lake Erie shores; no erosion-controlling hydrophytic or 

 terrestrial plants were observed. 



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