Common name 



Scientific name 



Characteristics 



Balsam fir 



Abies baleamea 



Tertiary tree, perennial occurring in shoreline woods 



Wheat grass 



Agropyron dasystachywn 



Pioneer, rhizomatous , herbaceous perennial 



occurring in droughty soils 



Speckled alder 



Alnue rugosa 



Tertiary tree, perennial occurring in depre 



ssions , ■ swamps , and along stream banks 



Bearberry 



ArctOBtaphylos uva-urei 



Secondary, perennial woody shrub, occurring 



on rock outcrops and in sand 



Brome grass 



Bromug kdlmii 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 

 thickets 



occurring in calcareous, open soils, and 



"luejoint 



CalamagroBtie canadensis 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 

 thickets 



occurring in meadows, bogs, and wet 



Prairie sandreed 



Calamovilfa longi folia 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 



occurring in sand 



Red osier dogwood 



Cornus Btolonifer 



Secondary, stoloniferous perennial woody shrub, occurring in thickets and shore 



Spike rush 



Eleocharie palustrie 

 (E. amallii) 



Pioneer, rhizomatous , herbaceous perennial 



occurring in marshes, ponds, and on 



Wild rye 



Elymue arenarius 

 (E. mollis) 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 



occurring in droughty, sandy, and 



Wild rye 



Elymue mollie 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 



occurring in sandy areas and beaches 



Scouring rush 



Equisetum fluviatile 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 

 thickets 



occurring in shallow water and wet 



Scouring rush 



Equieetum hyemale 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 



occurring on sand or clay shores 



False heather 



Hudsonia tomentosa 



Pioneer, perennial woody shrub occurring or 



dunes and sand-blows 



Rush 



Juncus balticus 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 



occurring on brackish to freshwater 



Juniper 



Jv.niperus communis 



Secondary, perennial woody shrub occurring 



in droughty soils 



Creeping cedar 



JuniperuB horisontaltJ 



Secondary, perennial woody shrub occurring 



on rocky or sandy banks 



Beach-pea 



(L. Japonicus) 



Pioneer, rhizomatous , herbaceous perennial 



occurring on sandy, gravelly shores 



Pepper-grass 



Lepidium virginiaum 



Secondary, herbaceous annual or biennial occurring in droughty soils 



Reed canary grass 



Phalarie arundinacea 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 



meadows 



occurring on shores and in swales and 



Reed 



Phragmitee communis 



Pioneer, rhizomatous-stoloniferous, herbace 

 alkaline marshes, ditches, and depressions 



ous perennial occurring in fresh to 



Balsam poplar 



PopuluB balaamifera 



Tertiary, perennial tree occurring on rive 



r banks 



Cottonwood 



Populue deltoidee 



Tertiary, perennial tree occurring on rivei 



banks 



Silver-weed 



Potentilla aneerina 



Pioneer, stoloniferous, herbaceous perennia 



1 occurring on sandy, gravelly shores 



Sand cherry 



PrunuB pumila 



Secondary, perennial woody shrub occurring 



on sandy, gravelly shores 



Wild rose 



Rosa blanda 



Secondary, rhizomatous, perennial woody shrub occurring on rocky, slopes 



Heart-leaved willow 



Salix cordata 



Secondary, perennial woody shrub occurring 



on sandy, gravelly t shores 



Sandbar-willow 



Salix interior 



Secondary, stoloniferous, perennial woody shrub occurring in alluvial soils 



Great bulrush 



ScirpuB acutus 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, perennial woody shrub 



occurring in marshes and on shores 



Bulrush 



ScirpuB americanuB 



Pioneer, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial 

 saline shores 



occurring on freshwater, brackish, or 



False Solomon's seal 



Smilacina etellata 



Secondary, rhizomatous-stoloniferous, herbaceous perennial occurring on gravelly 

 or alluvial shores 



Tansy 



Tanacetum huronenee 



Pioneer, stoloniferous, herbaceous perennia 



1 occurring in sands and gravel,s 



Forest -grape 



Vitie riparia 



Secondary, perennial woody vine, occurring 



on river banks ;-nd in thickets 



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