The capabilities of large propellant anchors demonstrated in this 

 installation can be used to advantage to satisfy anchoring requirements 

 in the areas of amphibious logistics, tactical expedient POL facilities, 

 undersea surveillance facilities, salvage operations, pollution abate- 

 ment, fleet moors, ocean facilities construction, and deep sea moors. 

 In many applications in all of these areas, advantages of low cost, 

 light weight, and rapid installation are believed to outweigh the possi- 

 ble disadvantages of providing the required installation support equip- 

 ment for developing self-contained systems capable of being installed 

 from bare working platforms. 



CONCLUSIONS 



From the experiences gained in carrying out the reported installa- 

 tion, the following conclusions are drawn: 



1 . The propellant anchor provides a cost-effective and time- 

 effective means to anchor permanent moorings of moderate size, particu- 

 larly in remote locations and where the seafloor is coralline. 



2. Operational requirements for the installation of propellant 

 anchor moorings are similar to those for moorings incorporating conven- 

 tional anchors. In its present configuration, the CEL 100K Propellant 

 Anchor System requires a crane or boom for deployment and retrieval, and 

 a means of applying a large proof -load to the embedded anchor flukes. A 

 double-hooked crane for handling the anchor system and a heavy winch or 

 beach gear purchase section for proof -loading facilitate installation 

 operations. 



3. Shorter lines and less connective gear are required for propel- 

 lant anchor moorings than for conventional moorings, thus reducing 

 costs, staging time, and support requirements. 



4. The propellant anchor has good potential for development to 

 satisfy Navy requirements in the areas of amphibious logistics, tactical 

 expedient POL facilities, undersea surveillance facilities, salvage 

 operations, pollution abatement, fleet moors, ocean facilities construc- 

 tion support, and deep sea moors. In many applications it is lighter in 

 weight, easier and quicker to install, and lower in overall cost than 

 other approaches. When desired, it can be used in self -deploying systems 

 having minimal requirements for operational support. Advanced develop- 

 ment work is required if the anchor system is to be used by operating 

 forces without technical assistance. 



5. It is advisable that a site investigation tool be used to 

 determine the properties of the seafloor material at a site to provide a 

 basis for specifying the optimum type and size of anchor fluke. For 

 soft sediments, the expendable free-fall penetrometer being developed at 

 CEL should suffice. For harder materials such as those encountered at 

 Diego Garcia, a propellant- launched penetrometer or penetrating test 

 anchor might prove satisfactory; such approaches are available but their 

 successful use has not been demonstrated. 



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