Chapter 9-MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT AND PLANT LAYOUT 



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Figure 9-2.— Propulsion machinery arrangement, DD 445 and DD 692 classes. 



Figure 9-8 shows the arrangement of pro- 

 pulsion machinery on the USS Coral Sea , CVA 

 43, In some ways, this arrangement of machinery 

 represents the ultimate in designed segregation 

 of propulsion equipment. The major units of 

 machinery are duplicated, spread out, andcom- 

 partmented to provide for maximum resistance 

 to damage from explosion, fire, or flooding. 



In recent years there has been a trend to- 

 ward using machinery rooms, rather than fire- 

 rooms and enginerooms, on many of the larger 

 combatant ships. An example of the machinery 

 room type of arrangement is shown in figure 

 9-9. Each machinery room contains a separate 

 propulsion plant which is capable of independent 

 operation. The arrangement shown in figure 

 9-9 is that of a heavy cruiser of the CA 139 

 class; the same general arrangement is used 

 on many newer ships, including aircraft car- 

 riers. 



ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS 



The various units of machinery and equip- 

 ment aboard ship are connected by miles of 

 piping. Each piping system consists of sections 

 of pipe or tubing, fittings for joining the sec- 

 tions, and valves for controlling the flow of 

 fluid. Most piping systems also include a number 

 of other fittings and accessories such as vents, 

 drains, traps, strainers, relief valves, gages, 

 and instruments. Piping system components are 

 discussed in chapter 14 of this text; in the pres- 

 ent chapter, we are concerned with piping 

 system standard symbols, piping system mark- 

 ings, general arrangement and layout of the 

 major engineering piping systems aboard ship. 



Piping system standard symbols are used 

 to indicate machinery units, piping connections, 

 valves, gages, strainers, steam traps, and other 

 items on engineering blueprints and drawings. 

 Figure 9-10 illustrates some of the standard 

 symbols specified by the governing Military 

 Standard (MIL-STD-17). In some cases, devia- 

 tion from these symbols occurs on blueprints 

 and drawings; but the basic principles of rep- 

 resentation are usually followed. Most plans 

 or drawings that utilize special symbols in- 

 clude a legend or list of symbols. 



Standard piping system markings are used 

 to mark each shipboard piping system at suitable 

 intervals along the entire length of the system. 

 The markings may be applied with paint and 

 stencils or prepainted vinyl cloth markers 

 may be used. The markings are in black letters 

 on a white background for all systems except 

 oxygen; oxygen systems are marked with white 

 letters on a dark background. 



The piping identification markings must in- 

 clude the functional name of the system and, 

 where necessary, the specific service of the 

 system. Markings must also include arrows to 

 show the direction of flow. 



The piping identification markings are not 

 required for piping in tanks, voids, cofferdams, 

 bilges, and other unmanned spaces. All other 

 piping must be marked at least once in each 

 manned space and at least twice in each ma- 

 chinery space. Systems serving propulsion 

 plants and systems conveying flammable or 

 toxic fluids must be marked at least twice 

 in each space. When feasible, piping identifi- 

 cation markings are placed near the entry and 

 near the exit to any space and at the 



195 



