FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN. 61 



less differentiated the functions of the several brain-parts 

 seem to be.* It may be that the region in question still 

 represents in ourselves something like this primitive condi- 

 tion, and that the surrounding parts, in adapting themselves 

 more and more to specialized and narrow functions, have 

 left it as a sort of carrefour through which thej send cur- 

 rents and converse. That it should be connected with 

 musculo-cutaneous feeling is, however, no reason why the 

 motor zone proper should not be so connected too. And 

 the cases of paralysis from the motor zone with no accom- 

 panying anaesthesia may be explicable without denying all 

 sensory function to that region. For, as my colleague Dr. 

 James Putnam informs me, sensibility is always harder to 

 kill than motility, even where we know for a certainty that 

 the lesion affects tracts that are both sensory and motor. 

 Persons whose hand is paralyzed in its movements from 

 compression of arm-nerves during sleep, still feel with their 

 fingers ; and they may still feel in their feet when their legs 

 are paralyzed by bruising of the spinal cord. In a simi- 

 lar way, the motor cortex might be sensitive as well as 

 motor, and yet by this greater subtlety (or whatever the 

 peculiarity may be) in the sensory currents, the sensibility 

 might survive an amount of injury there by which the 

 motility was destroyed. Nothnagel considers that there are 

 grounds for supposing the muscular sense to be exclusively 

 connected with the parietal lobe and not with the motor 

 zone. " Disease of this lobe gives pure ataxy without palsy, 

 and of the motor zone pure palsy without loss of muscular 

 sense." f He fails, however, to convince more competent 

 critics than the present writer,:}: so I conclude with them 

 that as yet we have no decisive grounds for locating muscular 

 and cutaneous feeling apart. Much still remains to be 

 learned about the relations between musculo-cutaneous 

 sensibility and the cortex, but one thing is certain: that 

 neither the occipital, the forward frontal, nor the temporal 

 lobes seem to have anything essential to do with it in man. 



* Cf. Ferrler's Functions, etc., chap, iv and chap, x, §§ 6 to 9. 

 t Op. dt. p. 17. 



X E.g. Starr, loc. cit. p 272; Leyden, Beitrage ziir Lehre v. d. Localiza- 

 tion im Gehirn (1888), p. 72. 



