62 PSYCnOLOOT. 



It is knit up with the performances of the motor zone and 

 of the convolutions hackwai'ds mid midiuards of them. The 

 reader must remember this conclusion when we come tc 

 the chapter on the Will. 



I must add a word about the connection of aphasia 

 with the tactile sense. On p. 40 I spoke of those cases 

 in which the patient can write but not read his own writ- 

 ing. He cannot read by his eyes ; but he can read by the 

 feeling in his fingers, if he retrace the letters in the air. 

 It is convenient for such a patient to have a pen in hand 

 whilst reading in this way, in order to make the usual feel- 

 ing of writing more complete.* In such a case we must 

 suppose that the path between the optical and the graphic 

 centres remains open, whilst that between the optical and 

 the auditory and articulatory centres is closed. Only thus 

 can we understand how the look of the writing should fail 

 to suggest the sound of the words to the patient's mind, 

 whilst it still suggests the proper movements of graphic 

 imitation. These movements in their turn must of course 

 be felt, and the feeling of them must be associated with 

 the centres for hearing and pronouncing the words. The 

 injury in cases like this where very special combinations 

 fail, whilst others go on as usual, must always be supjDosed 

 to be of the nature of increased resistance to the passage 

 of certain currents of association. If any of the dements of 

 mental function were destroyed the incapacity would 

 necessarily be much more formidable. A patient who can 

 both read and write with his fingers most likely uses an 

 identical ' graphic ' centre, at once sensory and motor, for 

 both operations. 



I have now given, as far as the nature of this book will 

 allow, a complete account of the present state of the locali- 

 zation-question. In its main outlines it stands firm, though 

 much has still to be discovered. The anterior frontal lobes, 

 for example, so far as is yet knoAvn, have no definite functions. 

 Goltz finds that dogs bereft of them both are incessantly in 

 motion, and excitable by every small stimulus. They are 



* Bernard, op. cit. p. 84. 



