388 PSYCUOLOG Y. 



and knits them together to make the history of her already long life. 

 To L^onie 1 [as M. Janet calls the waking woman] on the other hand, she 

 exclusively ascribes the events lived through in waking hours. I was 

 at first struck by an important exception to the rule, and was disposed 

 to think that there might be something arbitrary in this partition of 

 her recollections. In the normal state Leonie has a husband and chil- 

 dren ; but Leonie 3, the somnambulist, whilst acknowledging the children 

 as her own, attributes the husband to 'the other.' This choice, was 

 perhaps explicable, but it followed no rule. It was not till later that I 

 learned that her magnetizers in early days, as audacious as certain hyp- 

 notizers of recent date, had somnambulized her for her first accouche' 

 ments, and that she had lapsed into that state spontaneously in the 

 later ones. Leonie 2 was thus quite right in ascribing to herself the 

 children — it was she who had had them, and the rule that her first 

 trance-state forms a different personality was not broken. But it is 

 the same with her second or deepest state of trance. When after the 

 renewed passes, syncope, etc., she reaches the condition which I have 

 called Leonie 3, she is another person still. Serious and grave, instead 

 of being a restless child, she speaks slowly and moves but little. Again, 

 she separates herself from the waking Leonie 1. 'A good but rather 

 stupid woman,' she says, ' and not me.' And she also separates herself 

 from Leonie 2 : ' How can you see anything of me in that crazy crea- 

 ture ? ' she says. ' Fortunately I am nothing for her.' " 



Leonie 1 knows only of herself ; Leonie 2, of herself and 

 of Leonie 1 ; Leonie 3 knows of herself and of both the 

 others. Leonie 1 has a visual consciousness ; Leonie 2 has 

 one both visual and auditory ; in Leonie 3 it is at once 

 visual, auditory, and tactile. Prof, Janet thought at first 

 that he was Leonie 3's discoverer. But she told him 

 that she had been frequently in that condition before. A 

 former magnetizer had hit upon her just as M. Janet had, 

 in seeking by means of passes to deepen the sleep of 

 Leonie 2. 



"This resurrection of a somnambulic personage who had been 

 extinct for twenty years is curious enough ; and in speaking to Leonie 

 3, I naturally now adopt the name of Leonore which was given her by her 

 first master." 



The most carefully studied case of multiple personality 

 is that of the hysteric youth Louis Y. about whom MM. 

 Bourru and Burot have written a book.* The symptoms 

 are too intricate to be reproduced here with detail. Suffice 

 it that Louis V. had led an irregular life, in the army, in 



* Variations de la Personnalite (Paris, 1888). 



