188 PSYCHOLOGY. 



Just so with spaces beyond the body's limits. Continu- 

 ing the joint-feeling beyond the toe, the baby hits another 

 object, which he can still think of when he brings his hand 

 back to its blister again. That object at the end of that 

 joint-feeling means a new place for him, and the more such 

 objects multiply in his experience the wider does the space 

 of his conception grow. If, wandering through the woods 

 to-day by a new path, I find myself suddenly in a glade 

 which affects my senses exactly as did another I reached 

 last week at the end of a different walk, I believe the two 

 identical affections to present the same persisting glade, 

 and infer that I have attained it by two differing roads. 

 The spaces walked over grow congruent by their extremi- 

 ties ; though apart from the common sensation which those 

 extremities give me, I should be under no necessity of con- 

 necting one walk with another at all. The case in no whit 

 differs when shorter movements are concerned. If, moving 

 first one arm and then another, the blind child gets the 

 same kind of sensation u|)on the hand, and gets it again 

 as often as he repeats either process, he judges that he has 

 touched the same object by both motions, and concludes 

 that the motions terminate in a common place. From place 

 to place marked in this way he moves, and adding the 

 places moved through, one to another, he builds up his no- 

 tion of the extent of the outer world. The seeing man's 

 process is identical ; only his units, which may be succes- 

 sive bird's-eye views, are much larger than in the case of 

 the blind. 



then, if the pain seem a little space-world all by itself? But let the pain 

 once associate itself with these other space-worlds, and its space will be- 

 come part of their space. Let the baby feel the nurse stroking the 

 limb and awakening the pain every time her linger passes towards the 

 toe ; let him look on and see her linger on the toe every time the pain 

 shoots up ; let him handle his foot himself and get the pain whenever 

 the toe comes into his lingers or his mouth ; let moving the leg exacerbate 

 the pain, — and all is changed. The space of the pain becomes identified 

 with that part of each of the other spaces which gets felt when it 

 awakens ; and by their identity with it these parts are identified with each 

 other, and grow systematically connected as members of a larger extensive 

 whole. 



