378 P87CH0L0QT. 



vanic current through electrodes applied to its surface, 

 found that " nearly every kind of nervous activity, from the 

 simplest sensations and impressions, to voluntary motions 

 and the highest forms of mental exertion, is accompanied 

 by an increased activity in the glands of the skin." * On 

 the pupU observations are recorded by Sanders which show 

 that a transitory dilatation follows every sensorial stimulus 

 applied during sleep, even if the stimulus be not strong 

 enough to wake the subject up. At the moment of awak- 

 ing there is a dilatation, even if strong light falls on the 

 eye.t The pupil of children can easily be observed to 

 dilate enormously under the influence of /ear. It is said to 

 dilate in pain and fatigue ; and to contract, on the contrary, 

 in rage. 



As regards effects on the abdominal viscera, they unques- 

 tionably exist, but very few accurate observations have 

 been made.| 



The bladder, bowels, and uterus respond to sensations, 

 even indifferent ones. Mosso and Pellicani, in their plethys- 

 mographic investigations on the bladder of dogs, found 

 all sorts of sensorial stimuli to produce reflex contractions 

 of this organ, independent of those of the abdominal walls. 

 They call the bladder ' as good an ?esthesiometer as the 

 iris,' and refer to the not uncommon reflex effects of psy- 

 chic stimuli in the human female upon this organ. § M. 

 Fere has registered the contractions of the sphincter ani 

 which even indifferent sensations Avill produce. In some 

 pregnant women the foetus is felt to move after almost 

 every sensorial excitement received by the mother. The 

 only natural explanation is that it is stimulated at such 

 moments by reflex contractions of the womb.]| That the 

 glands are affected in emotion is patent enough in the case 

 of the tears of grief, the dry mouth, moist skin, or diar- 



* Quoted from the report of Tarchan oil's paper (in Pfluger's Archiv, 

 XL VI. 46) in the American Journal of Psych., ii. 653. 



f Archiv f. Psychiatrie, vii. 652 ; ix. 129. 



X Sensation et Mouvement, 57-8. 



§ R. Accad. dei Lincei (1881-2). I follow the report in Hofmann 

 Schwalbe's Jahresbericht, x. ii. 93. 



II Cf. Fere, Sensation et Mouvement, chap. xiv. 



