. INSTINCT. 441 



It will be observed that no other mammd, not even the 

 monkey, shows so large an array. In a perfectly-rounded 

 development, every one of these instincts would start 9 

 habit toward certain objects and inhibit a habit toward cer- 

 tain others. Usually this is the case ; but, in the one- 

 sided development of civilized life, it happens that the 

 timely age goes by in a sort of starvation of objects, and 

 the individual then grows up with gaps in his psychic con- 

 stitution which future experiences can never fill. Compare 

 the accomplished gentleman with the poor artisan or trades- 

 man of a city; during the adolescence of the former, 

 objects appropriate to his growing interests, bodily and 

 mental, were offered as fast as the interests awoke, and, as 

 a consequence, he is armed and equipped at every angle to 

 meet the world. Sport came to the rescue and completed 

 his education where real things were lacking. He has 

 tasted of the essence of every side of human life, being 

 sailor, hunter, athlete, scholar, fighter, talker, dandy, man 

 of affairs, etc., all in one. Over the city poor boy's youth 

 no such golden opportunities were hung, and in his man- 

 hood no desires for most of them exist. Fortunate it is for 

 him if gaps are the only anomalies his instinctive life pre- 

 sents ; perversions are too often the fruit of his unnatural 

 bringing up. 



all the seuses ; and psychical, embracing the acts of the intellect and of 

 the ' iransempiric consciousness.' The 'Instinct of Function' he divides 

 into sexual, inclinaiional (friendship, attachment, honor) ; and moral (re- 

 ligion, philanthropy, faith, truth, moral freedom, etc.)- The 'Instinct of 

 Life' embraces conservation (nutrition, motion); sociability (imitation, 

 juridical and ethical arrangements) ; and personal interest (love of inde- 

 pendence and freedom, acquisitiveness, self-defence). Such a muddled 

 list as this shows how great are the advantages of the physiological analysis 

 we have used. 



