. THE EMOTIONS. 455 



lie admitted that it is so far only a hypothesis, only pos- 

 sihh/ a true conception, and that much is lacking to its 

 definite proof. The only way coercively to disprove it, 

 however, would be to take some emotion, and then exhibit 

 qualities of feeling in it which should be demonstrably ad- 

 ditional to all those which could possibly be derived from 

 the organs afiected at the time. But to detect with cer- 

 tainty such purely spiritual qualities of feeling would 

 obviously be a task beyond human power. We have, as 

 Professor Lange says, absolutely no immediate criterion by 

 which to distinguish between spiritual and corporeal feel- 

 ings; and, I may add, the more we sharpen our introspection, 

 the more localized all our qualities of feeling become (see 

 above. Vol. I. p. 300) and the more difficult the discrimina- 

 tion consequently grows.* 



A positive proof of the theory would, on the ether hand, 

 be given if we could find a subject absolutelj' anaesthetic 

 inside and out, but not paralytic, so that emotion-inspiring 

 objects might evoke the usual bodily expressions from him, 

 but who, on being consulted, should say that no subjective 

 emotional affection was felt. Such a man would be like one 

 who, because he eats, appears to bystanders to be hungry, 

 but who afterwards confesses that he had no appetite at 

 all. Cases like this are extremely hard to find. Medical 

 literature contains reports, so far as I know, of but three. 

 In the famous one of Reniigius Leins no mention is made 

 b}- the I'eporters of his emotional condition. In Dr. G. 

 Winter's case f the patient is said to be inert and phleg. 

 matic, but no particular ;ittention, as I learn from Dr. W., 

 was paid to his psychic condition. In the extraordinary 

 case reported by Professor Strumpell {to which I must refer 

 ^ater in another connection) J we read that the patient, a 

 shoemaker's apprentice of fifteen, entirely anaesthetic, inside 



* Professor Hoffding, in his excellent treatise on Psychology, admita 

 (p. 342) the mixture of bodily sensation with purely spiritualtatfeclion in 

 the emotions. He does not, however, discuss the difficulties of discerning 

 the spiritual affection (nor even show that he has fairly considered them; 

 in his contention that it exists. 



f Ein Fall von allgemeiner Anaesthesie (Heidelberg, 1882). 



X Ziemssen's Deutsches Archiv far klinische Medicin, xxii. 321. 



