618 PSYCHOLOGY. 



for our necessary or «pnor^ judgments than the experience 

 of the individual can ; 



2) That there is no good evidence for the belief that 

 our instinctive reactions are fruits of our ancestors' edu- 

 cation in the midst of the same environment, transmitted t© 

 us at birth. 



3) That the features of our organic mental structure 

 cannot be explained at all by our conscious intercourse 

 with the outer environment, but must rather be uiiderstood 

 as congenital variations, * accidental ' * in the first instance, 

 but then transmitted as fixed features of the race. 



On the whole, then, the account which the apriorists 

 give of the /acts is that which I defend ; although I should 

 contend (as will hereafter appear) for a naturalistic view 

 of their cause. 



The first thing I have to say is that all schools (however 

 they otherwise difier) must allow that the elementary 

 qualities of cold, heat, pleasure, pain, red, blue, sounds 

 silence, etc., are original, innate, or a priori properties of our 

 subjective nature, even though they should require the touch 

 of experience to waken them into actual consciousness, 

 and should slumber, to all eternity, without it. 



This is so on either of the two hj-potheses we may 

 make concerning the relation of the feelings to the 

 realities at whose touch they become alive. For in the 

 first place, if a feeling do not mirror the reality which 

 wakens it and to which we say it corresponds, if it mirror 

 no reality whatever outside of the mind, it of course is a 

 purely mental product. By its very definition it can be 

 nothing else. But in the second place, even if it do mirror 

 the reality exactly, still it is not that reality itself, it is a 

 duplication of it, the result of a mental reaction. And that 

 the mind should have the power of reacting in just that 

 duplicate way can only be stated as a harmony between its 

 nature and the nature of the truth outside of it, a harmony 

 whereby it follows that the qualities of both parties match. 



* ' Accidental ' in the Darwinian sense, as belonging to a cycle of caii« 

 eation inaccessible to the present order of research. 



