642 P8YCE0L0GY. 



of them have no single sensation more than once. Let 

 some have this one and others that one repeated. Let 

 every conceivable permutation prevail. And then let the 

 magic-lantern show die out, and keep the creatures in a 

 void eternity, with naught but their memories to muse upon. 

 Inevitably in their long leisure they will begin to play with 

 the items of their experience and rearrange them, make 

 classificatory series of them, place gray between white and 

 black, orange between red and yellow, and trac3 all other 

 degrees of resemblance and difference. And this new con- 

 struction will be absolutely identical in all the hundred 

 creatures, the diversity of the sequence of the original ex- 

 periences having no effect as regards this rearrangement. 

 Any and every form of sequence will give the same result, 

 because the result expresses the relation between the imvard 

 Tiatures of the sensations ; and to that the question of their 

 outward succession is quite irrelevant. Black will differ 

 from white just as much in a world in which they always 

 come close together as in one in which they always come 

 far apart ; just as much in one in which they appear rarely 

 as in one in which they appear all the time. 



But the advocate of ' persistent outer relations ' may still 

 return to the charge : These are what make us so sure that 

 white and black differ, he may say ; for in a world where 

 sometimes black resembled white and sometimes differed 

 from it, we could never be so sure. It is because in this 

 world black and white have ahvays differed that the sense 

 of their difference has become a necessary form of thought. 

 The pair of colors on the one hand and the sense of differ- 

 ence on the other, inseparably experienced, not only by our- 

 selves but by our ancestors, have become inseparably con- 

 nected in the mind. Not through any essential structure 

 of the mind, which made difference the only possible feel- 

 ing which they could arouse ; no, but because they simply 

 did differ so often that at last they begat in us an impotency 

 to imagine them doing anything else, and made us accept 

 such a fabulous account as that just presented, of creatures 

 to whom a single experience would suffice to make us 

 feel the necessity of this relation. 



