downward through a very long pipe at considerably higher velocities and 
pressures than encountered on land. Data are needed on the rheology of 
concrete under these conditions with primary interest on friction head 
loss properties and resistance of the mix to de-watering. The material 
behavior research is considered to involve low technical risk, but is 
needed to verify engineering assumptions based on extrapolation of 
existing knowledge to the new conditions. 
The need to develop the capability to place concrete in deep water 
lies in three areas of potential applications: construction of massive 
anchors and foundations in situ for fixed ocean facilities, encasement 
of objects on the seafloor, and containment of hazardous substances for 
environmental protection. Of these applications, the ability to encase 
an object in concrete and thus deny others the opportunity to inspect or 
recover it appears to have merit. This non-salvage approach offers 
rapid response time at relatively low cost. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
The authors wish to thank Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Lutz Hamann, Civil Engineer, 
Federal Defense Test Center, Eckernfoerde, West Germany for his assistance, 
while a visiting research engineer at the Civil Engineering Laboratory, 
in evaluating platform and ocean engineering aspects of the proposed 
method for placing concrete in the deep ocean. 
REFERENCES 
l. Ocean Engineering and Construction Project Office, "Identification 
of Navy's Capability Needs for Fixed Ocean Facilities (U),' Chesapeake 
Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Washington, D.C., Janu- 
ary 27, 1978. SECRET 
2. Valent, P. J. and Atturio, J. M., "OTEC Anchors: Selection and Plan 
for Development ,"' Technical Report R-859, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 
Naval Construction Battalion Center, Port Hueneme, CA, December 1977, 31 
pages. 
3. Anonymous, F-14 Salvaged From North Atlantic, Faceplate, Summer 
M77, pm 7-20. 
4. Anonymous, "Plow Buries Record Submarine Cable Run," Engineering 
News-Record, August 4, 1977, p 15. 
5. Anonymous, "Pipeline Covering to be Tested," Sea Technology, April 
IM73. wD BO. 
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