the following, the basic equations and boundary conditions will be first 

 described. The various model features are then discussed in detail. 



2.2 Basic Equations and Boundary Conditions 



The mean equations of motion for an incompressible fluid in the presence 

 of both a gravitational and a Coriolis body force, with the mean variables 

 denoted by lower-cases and the turbulent fluctuations by primed lower-cases, 

 may be written in general tensor notation as follows: 



3Xi 



3u^ 3u 





(2.1) 



(2.2) 



l7-Ui^=--^J- (2.3) 



3t "JSxj 3xj 



3t "j 3Xj - - 3Xj 



(2.4) 



P = P(T.S) (2.5) 



where u^ are the velocity components, x^ are the rectangular coordinates, t is 

 the time, u^uj are the Reynolds stresses, p is the density, p is the pressure, 

 g^- is the gravitational acceleration vector, T is the temperature, Tq is the 

 reference temperature, ^■\i^ is the unit alternating tensor, il is the angular 

 velocity of earth, ujT' are the heat fluxes, S is the salinity, and u^S' are 

 the salt fluxes. In writing the above equations, the Boussinesq approximation 

 has been made such that the only effect of the density variation is in the 

 gravitational body force term in the momentum equation (2.2). Molecular 



20 



