99. KABELAC, O.W., "Model Tests of Coastal Protective Structures in 

 USSR," Joiamal of the Waterways and Harbors Division^ Vol.' 89, 

 No. WWl, Feb. 1963, pp. 21-34. 



Keywords: Hydraulic model (two-dimensional). Submerged breakwater. 

 Wave attenuation, Wave reflection, Wave transmission 



Model tests of underwater coastal protective structures that were 

 performed by A.I. Lyzlov in the laboratory of the Institute of Engineers 

 of Maritime Fleet in Odessa are presented and results are compared with 

 natural conditions. The tests are based on the Froude similarity princi- 

 ple. The results are compared with those of preceding investigations of 

 coastal phenomena by members of the Institute of Oceanology: B.A. Popov, 

 N.A. Aybulatov, E.N. Egorov, and others. These model studies are part 

 of an extensive Soviet program of coastal research and engineering, initi- 

 ated in 1955 by the Oceanographic Commission of the Academy of Sciences, 

 U.S.S.R. 



100. KATAYANA, T., IRIE, I., and KAWAKAMI, T., "Performance of Offshore 

 Breakwaters of the Niigata Coast," Coastal Engineering in Japan^ 

 Vol. 17, 1974, pp. 129-139. 



Keywords: Accretion, Compartmented breakwater. Continuous breakwater. 

 Currents, Detached breakwater. Hydraulic model (two-dimen- 

 sional), Japan (Niigata), Littoral transport, Local scour. 

 Permeable breakwater. Rubble mound. Structural dimensions. 

 Structure settlement. Submerged breakwater, Tetrapods, Wave 

 attenuation. Wave overtopping, Wave reflection, Wave setup. 

 Wave transmission 



This paper reviews the effect of offshore breakwaters on the 

 Niigata coast utilizing survey maps collected over 20 years. The off- 

 shore breakwaters have been found to be successful in checking the beach 

 erosion onshore of these structures in spite of steady erosion of the 

 seabed offshore. 



101. KAWAGUCHI, T., and SUGU, M., "Study of the Arrangement of Detached 

 Breakwaters," Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Coastal Engi- 

 neering in Japarij Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1972, pp. 77-81. 



102. KUBO, T., and YAMAMOTO, T., "An Experimental Research of the Section 

 of Submerged Barrier for Protection of Beach Erosion," Journal of 

 the Japan Society of Civil Engineers j Vol. 39, No. 10, Oct. 1954, 

 pp. 54-59 (in Japanese). 



Keywords: Hydraulic model (two-dimensional). Submerged breakwater. 

 Wave attenuation, Wave transmission 



Submerged barriers, which are constructed for shore protection, 

 must have a dampening effect on incident waves. Model tests on several 

 types of barrier sections were performed to determine the section of the 



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