125. MARKLE, D.G,, and CARVER, R.D., "Breakwater Stability Study, 

 Imperial Beach, California," Technical Report H-77-22, U.S. Army 

 Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., Dec. 1977. 



Keywords: Armor stability, California (Imperial Beach), Hydraulic model 

 (two-dimensional). Rubble mound, Structural stability. Sub- 

 merged breakwater. Wave overtopping 



A l:16-scale, undistorted hydraulic model was tested to determine 

 stable rubble sections to protect a beach fill at Imperial Beach. Four 

 adequate plans were selected out of 21 tested for structure sites at the 

 -5 and -10 mean lower low water contours. One plan at each site was for 

 a continuous high-sill structure and the other was for an alternating 

 high- and low-sill structure. 



126. MASHIMA, Y., "Stable Configuration of Coast Line," Coastal EngineeT- 

 ing in Japarij Tokyo, Japan, Vol. 4, 1961, pp. 47-59. 



Keywords: Crenulate-shaped bay. Littoral transport 



The beach prism consists of many kinds of materials ranging from 

 soft clays to durable rocks. These are arranged according to the severity 

 of the local wave climate. If the coastal material is uniform, the 

 shoreline will maintain a stable configuration and slope. Capes, head- 

 lands, or strong groins resist wave action and influence neighboring 

 coastlines. They are the fixed points on the configuration of the shore- 

 line. Between the adjoining fixed points, the beach materials are usually 

 uniform so that the coast maintains its shoreline configuration and slope. 

 The supply of materials around these fixed points will be related to the 

 depth adjacent to the fixed points and to the approaching directions of 

 the coastlines. This report describes the configurations of the coast- 

 line between fixed points. 



127. MINIKIN, R.R., "Fundamentals of Coast Erosion and Defence," Pro- 

 ceedings of the Fifth Conference on Coastal Engineering^ American 

 Society of Civil Engineers, 1954, pp. 448-470. 



Keywords: Accretion, Armor stability, Compartmented breakwater. Con- 

 struction procedures. Detached breakwater, France (Anse des 

 Huttes, Arros, and Pointe de Grave), Italy (Chiavari), Littor- 

 al transport. Rubble mound. Segmented breakwater. Structural 

 dimensions. Wave attenuation 



The difficulties of hydrodynamic studies are too well known to 

 emphasize except to underline the fact that most popular quantitative 

 formulas are of a semiempirical nature. This paper briefly examines 

 beach behaviour subjected to complex sea action, and the reasons and the 

 remedies usually proposed, or executed, for given conditions in various 

 countries. 



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