Italian uses of detached breakwaters for shore protection are 

 discussed. Segmented structures at Salerno and a single detached break- 

 water at Posillipe have been effective. The growth of tombolos is 

 apparent at both locations . 



141. PERAINO, J., et al., "Features of Various Offshore Structures," 



MP 3-75, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research 

 Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., Apr. 1975. 



Keywords: Accretion, Aesthetics, Armor stability. Beach fill, California 

 (Venice), Detached breakwater, Downdrift beaches. Littoral 

 transport, Massachusetts (Winthrop Beach), Rubble mound. Seg- 

 mented breakwater. Structural dimensions, Tombolo 



The classification and identification of some existing offshore 

 structures are presented as a means of comparison for various structures 

 from the technical, environmental, and economic aspects. A bibliography 

 follows each structure description. 



142. PERLIN, M., "Predicting Beach Planforms in the Lee of a Breakwater," 



Proceedings of the Coastal Structure '79 Specialty Conference , Ameri- 

 can Society of Civil Engineers, 1979, pp. 792-808. 



Keywords: Accretion, Detached breakwater. Numerical model, Tombolo 



A numerical model is developed which predicts beach planforms in 

 the lee of a shore-parallel structure. Diffraction and refraction are 

 included in the implicit finite-difference scheme. Three physical models 

 and several dimensionless cases are presented. 



143. RAMAN, H., JOTHl SHANKAR, N., and DATTATRI , J., "Submerged Break- 

 waters," Journal of the Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 

 New Delhi, India, Vol. 34, No. 2, Apr. 1977, pp. 205-212. 



Keywords: Submerged breakwaters, Wave attenuation 



The mechanism of the damping action of a submerged breakwater and 

 a critical evaluation of the various theoretical and experimental studies 

 regarding submerged breakwaters are presented. 



144. RAO, S.A.R., SOMAYAJULU, S.K., and SHANMUGHAM, A.T., Untitled report 

 to SII-S2 (Means of Controlling Littoral Drift to Protect Beaches, 

 Dunes, Estuaries, and Harbor Entrances. Establishment of Artificial 

 Beaches), XXIIId International Navigation Congress, Ottawa, 1973, 

 pp. 83-96. 



Keywords: Accretion, Downdrift beaches, India (Visakhapatnam) , Littoral 

 transport. Sand trap. Segmented breakwater. Ship hulls 



This paper presents a study of the sand drift pattern along the 

 east coast of India with particular reference to harbor structures and 



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