the protection measures adopted to restore the waterways and adjoining 

 beaches . 



145. RAO, S.S., et al . , "Island Breakwater at Visakhapatnam Port 

 (India)," Report to SII-Sl (Breakwaters With Vertical and Sloping 

 Faces . Measurement of Waves . Study of Wave Forces . Methods of 

 Calculations), XXIst International Navigation Congress, Stockholm, 

 1965, pp. 77-92. 



Keywords: Accretion, Armor stability. Armor units. Construction proce- 

 dures, Downdrift beaches. Hydraulic model (two-dimensional), 

 India (Visakhapatnam), Littoral transport. Rubble mound. Sand 

 trap. Segmented breakwater, Ship hulls. Structural dimensions. 

 Structure settlement, Tetrapods, Tribars, Wave pressure 



The port of Visakhapatnam is protected from shoaling problems by 

 an offshore breakwater that acts as a sand trap and forms a sheltered 

 dredging basin. The breakwater is constructed of rubble armor over two 

 sunken ship hulls. The heavy wave conditions have necessitated extensive 

 rehabilitation efforts, the most recent of which was tested in a hydraulic 

 model . 



146. REA, C.C, and KOMAR, P.D., "Computer Simulation Models of a Hooked 

 Beach Shoreline Configuration," Jowmal of Sedimentary Petrology , 

 Vol. 45, No. 4, Dec. 1975, pp. 866-872. 



Keywords: Crenulate-shaped bay. Littoral transport. Numerical model. 

 Wave diffraction. Wave refraction 



Computer simulation models are developed to investigate the forma- 

 tion of a hooked-beach shoreline shape in the lee of a rocky headland. 

 The modeling technique combines two one-dimensional cell systems alined 

 at right angles to each other so that beach erosion can proceed in two 

 directions. In the hooked part of the beach, the shape of the refracted- 

 diffracted wave front is an arbitrary function of the offshore wave 

 approach angle. The results indicate that the shape of the hooked beach 

 is dependent on the direction of wave approach, and the shape of the 

 refracted-diffracted wave front. 



147. RIPLEY, H.C., "Beach Erosion: Its Causes and Cure," Transactions 

 of the American Society of Civil Engineers , Vol. LXXXVII, 1924, 

 pp. 589-594. Discussions by C.W. Staniford, pp. 595-598; V. 

 Gelineau, pp. 598-601; E.J. Dent, pp. 601-604; M.C. Collins, pp. 

 604-605; C.S. Riche, pp. 605-606; and H.J. Sherman, pp. 606-608; 

 Closure, pp. 608-610. 



Keywords: Accretion, Aesthetics, Brazil (Ceara) , Concrete structures. 

 Currents, Detached breakwater, Downdrift beaches, France 

 (Anse des Huttes and Pointe de Grave), Littoral transport. 

 Structural dimensions. Submerged breakwater, Wave attenuation 



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