Keywords: Accretion, Artificial headlands. Beach fill, Crenulate-shaped 

 bay, Currents, Detached breakwater, Downdrift beaches. Hydrau- 

 lic model (three-dimensional). Littoral transport. Movable bed. 

 Wave diffraction. Wave reflection. Wave refraction 



A textbook on coastal engineering with an emphasis on the needs of 

 the practicing design engineer. This volume deals mostly with shoreline 

 processes, coastal defense, and hydraulic modeling. 



168. SILVESTER, R. , "What Makes A Good Surfing Beach," Proaeedings of 

 the Second Austral-i-an Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering ^ 

 The Institution of Engineers, 1975, pp. 30-37. 



Keywords: Crenulate-shaped bay. Recreation 



From all aspects of surfing, a mildly sloped beach produces better 

 waves than a steeply sloped beach. The extra demand for board riding in 

 plunging breakers is for a reasonably slow-peeling rate, which requires 

 an extreme approach angle of breaking waves to bed contours. The crenu- 

 late-shaped bay, either as a natural or manmade feature, can supply the 

 variety of conditions demanded by the body or board surfer. Thus, sta- 

 bilization and recreation might be served by the same headland approach. 



169. SILVESTER, R., "Comments to Article: Sands Protect Sea Walls at 

 Bournemouth Resort," World Dredging and Marine Construction^ Vol. 

 12, No. 4, Mar. 1976, pp. 36-37. 



Keywords: Artificial headlands. Beach fill, Crenulate-shaped bay. 

 Sandbags, Si-ngapore, Structural dimensions 



An appeal is made for consideration of the use of artificial head- 

 lands to form crenulate bays which would stabilize an eroding coast. 

 The headlands would protect a new beach fill and could be constructed 

 of massive polyethylene sandbags. 



170. SILVESTER, R., "Headland Defense of Coasts," Proceedings of the 

 15th Conference on Coastal Engineering, American Society of Civil 

 Engineers, Vol. 2, 1976, pp. 1394-1406. 



Keywords: Accretion, Aesthetics, Artificial headlands, Crenulate-shaped 

 bay. Design guidelines. Detached breakwater. Economic analysis. 

 Environmental concerns. Littoral transport. Sandbags, Struc- 

 tural dimensions, Tombolo 



Crenulate-shaped bays are ubiquitous and constitute the largest 

 proportion of coastline length. The characteristics of stable bays 

 (i.e., no littoral drift) are known and realistic encroachment limits 

 can be defined. Allowances should be made for long-term changes in di- 

 rection of persistent swell and annual attack from multidirectional storm 

 waves. The exposure of a rock outcrop during an erosive sequence will 

 create a new fixed point on the coast and hence a new system of bays. 



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