A series of studies were conducted from 1968 to 1971 on the pro- 

 cess of erosion and the variation of function of coastal structures on 

 the coast of Toyama Bay. An analysis of the coastline changes which have 

 occurred during the past 10 years is made by comparing the shoreline plan 

 (scale: 1/5,000) drawn in 1957 with the plan made during the past 3 years 

 (1968-1971). The analysis revealed that the coastline on the east coast, 

 in particular, had receded by 50.0 to 70.0 meters. Research was conducted 

 to determine if there was a connection between the recession and the loca- 

 tion of rivers. Most of the recession occurred at the mouth of rivers. 

 Because of steep slopes at the mouth, most rivers flow rapidly into the 

 bay. 



Based on the results of studies about the secular change of coastal 

 structures, types of shorelines and shore protection structures were 

 classified. 



181. TANAKA, N., "Wave Damping and Beach Protection by a Submerged 

 Breakwater with a Wide Crest," Fvoceediv^s of the 23d Conference 

 on Coastal Engineering in Japan, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 

 1976, pp. 152-170 (in Japanese). 



Keywords: Submerged breakwater. Wave transmission 



182. TAUMEN, J., "Enclosing Scheme for Bathing Beach Development," Pro- 

 ceedings of the 15th Conference on Coastal Engineering, American 

 Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 2, 1976, pp. 1425-1438. 



Keywords: Accretion, Compartmented breakwater, Environmental concerns, 

 Israel (Achziv and Bat -Yam) , Littoral transport, Recreation, 

 Structural dimensions, Submerged breakwater, Wave attenuation 



This paper presents a method for beach design which provides both 

 coastal protection for the beach and protection for the bathing public. 

 Reasons are given as to why the open sea foreshores are, in many cases, 

 unsuitable for recreation. 



The method uses an enclosed submerged breakwater coupled with short 

 groins to provide a bathing beach with a safe swimming area and a con- 

 trolled sand plaza. Economical in execution and maintenance, the method 

 can be used for sandy or rocky coasts. 



183. TOMINAGA, M., "Field Observation of Wave Absorption by Offshore 

 Breakwaters," Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Coastal Engi- 

 neering in Japan, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1971, pp. 149- 

 154 (in Japanese) . 



184. TOMINAGA, M., and SAKAMOTO, T. , "Studies on Wave Deformation Due to 

 Permeable Coastal Structures (1) - On the Movement of Coastal Ground 

 Water and Wave Deformation Due to a Vertical Riprap Dike," Journal 

 of Research, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. 15, 1972, pp. 65-96. 



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