Keywords: Accretion, Beach fill. Concrete structures, Design guidelines. 

 Foundation design, Japan (Niigata and Nishikihama) , Littoral 

 transport. Structure settlement. Submerged breakwater. Wave 

 attenuation. Wave transmission 



This general coastal engineering handbook offers advice on the 

 positioning and height of detached breakwaters. Case histories are 

 studied of installations near Niigata and at Nishikihama, Japan. 



87. JOHNSON, A.G., "Beach Protection and Development Around Los Angeles," 

 Shore and Beaoh^ Vol. 3, No. 4, Oct. 1935, pp. 110-112. 



Keywords: Accretion, California (Santa Monica and Venice), Detached 



breakwater, Downdrift beaches. Littoral transport. Structural 

 dimensions 



The natural topography and meteorological conditions of the shore- 

 line of Santa Monica Bay are discussed. Serious erosion problems were 

 caused by the construction of detached breakwaters at Venice in 1905 and 

 Santa Monica in 1934. 



88. JOHNSON, A.G., "A Report on Erosion of the Beaches in the Venice 

 District," Department of Public Works, City of Los Angeles, Los 

 Angeles, Calif., Apr. 1940. 



Keywords: Accretion, California (Santa Monica and Venice), Downdrift 



beaches. Littoral transport. Sediment gradations. Shipwrecks, 

 Structural dimensions 



The Bureau of Engineering, City of Los Angeles, has prepared studies 

 of beach protection and development for the past 10 years. Many surveys 

 have been made along most of the shore of Santa Monica Bay, in part with 

 the cooperation of the County Surveyor and the City Engineer of Santa 

 Monica. Reports, as long as 6 years ago, predicted the present severe 

 erosion of the beaches at Venice, and a program was outlined which, if 

 carried out, would not only have prevented the erosion, but would have 

 added considerably to the width of the beaches. 



This report evaluates the natural conditions that affect the beaches, 

 discusses the effect of the various structures which have been constructed 

 along the beaches, and outlines the steps necessary and the costs to pre- 

 vent further erosion, and the possibilities of development of the Venice 

 beaches. 



89. JOHNSON, A.G., "A Report on Protection and Development of the Beaches 

 in the Westgate Addition and the Santa Monica Canyon Addition," 

 Department of Public Works, City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif., 

 Aug. 1940. 



Keywords: Accretion, Beach fill, California (Santa Monica and Venice), 

 Detached breakwater, Downdrift beaches. Littoral transport. 

 Ship hulls. Structural dimensions. Submerged breakwater 



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