75. HORIKAWA, K., and SONU, C, "Experimental Study of a Submerged 

 Breakwater," Prooeedings of the 12th Annual Convention, Japan 

 Society of Civil Engineers, June 1957. 



76. HORTON, D.F., "An Engineer Looks at Waikiki Beach," Bulletin of 

 the Beach Evasion Boards Vol. 2, No. 2, Apr. 1948, pp. 1-7. 



Keywords: Accretion, Beach fill, Compartmented breakwater, Concrete 



structures, Hawaii (Waikiki), Littoral transport. Structural 

 dimensions. Submerged breakwater 



This report describes an inspection of Waikiki Beach during Decem- 

 ber 1947. The inspection was made prior to developing a study program 

 for a cooperative study of erosion at the beach. Some of the features 

 noted are described and illustrated. 



77. HORTON, D.F., "Shore Effects of Coastal Structures," The Military 

 Engineer, Vol. XL, No. 275, Sept. 1948, pp. 402-405. 



Keywords: Accretion, California [Santa Monica) , Detached breakwater, 



Downdrift beaches, Massachusetts (Winthrop Beach), Segmented 

 breakwater. Structural dimensions 



This report discusses the natural forces and the structures, such 

 as jetties, that affect coastal inlets and the adjacent shorelines. 

 The design of navigation improvements on ocean coasts requires consid- 

 eration of the natural forces and the effect of proposed structures on 

 adjacent shorelines. 



78. HOSOI, M., and TOMINAGA, M., "Wave Height Reduction by Offshore 

 Breakwaters," Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Coastal Engi- 

 neering in Japan, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1959, pp, 121- 

 123 (in Japanese) . 



Keywords: Hydraulic model (two-dimensional). Submerged breakwater, 

 Wave attenuation, Wave transmission 



Offshore breakwaters are structures built away from the beach, par- 

 allel to the shoreline, for shore protection. The effectiveness of such 

 structures has become widely recognized. In designing offshore break- 

 waters, various complex factors such as the choice of height, width, 

 location and structure suitable for the intended use, and preventive 

 measures against settling, must be considered. This report presents 

 experimental results of the effect of offshore breakwaters in reducing 

 wave heights. 



79. HOTTA, S., and MARUI, N., "Local Scour and Current Around a Porous 

 Breakwater," Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Coastal Engineer- 

 ing, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 2, 1976, pp. 1590- 

 1604. 



Keywords: Currents, Detached breakwater, Hydraulic model (two-dimen- 

 sional). Local scour. Movable bed, Wave attenuation. Wave 

 setup. Wave transmission 



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