54. HALE, R.K., "Shore Protective Work at Winthxop, Massachusetts," 

 ^ore and Beach, Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1938, pp. 92-^95 [also appears 

 in Civil Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 6, June 1938. pp, 388-390]. 



Keywords: Accretion, Downdrift beaches, Massachusetts (Winthrop Beach), 

 Segmented breakwater 



The history of the shoreline development at Winthrop, Massachusetts, 

 is discussed. Before construction of a segmented detached breakwater 

 between 1933 and 1935, the beaches were primarily shingle and badly 

 eroded. Between 1931 and 1937', there was a net accretion of 50,000 cubic 

 yards of sand in the area behind the breakwater. 



55. HALL, W.C, "A Model Study of the Effect of Submerged Breakwaters on 

 Wave Action," TM-1, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion 

 Board, Washington, D.C., May 1940. 



Keywords: Florida (Palm Beach), Hawaii (Waikiki) , Hydraulic model 



(two-dimensional), Illinois (Lincoln Park-Chicago), Steel- 

 sheet piling. Submerged breakwater. Timber bulkhead. Wave 

 attenuation 



This was a general model study to determine the effect, under varied 

 conditions, of underwater sills upon wave heights and the power of waves. 

 General conclusions regarding shape and effectiveness of such structures 

 are presented. 



56. HALL, W.C, "Beach Protection Measures," The Military Engineer, 

 Vol. 34, No. 200, June 1942, pp. 292-296 (also appears in Shore 

 and Beach, Vol. 10, No. 2, Oct. 1942, pp. 60-66). 



Keywords: Florida (Palm Beach), Hawaii (Waikiki), Illinois (Lincoln 

 Park-Chicago) , Submerged breakwater 



The following elements of beach protection are discussed: beach 

 erosion studies, sources of beach sand, causes of erosion, restoration 

 methods, protective structures, typical problems, and recreational areas. 

 Among the structures described are submerged, shore-parallel sills used 

 for shore protection at Honolulu, Chicago, and Palm Beach, 



57. HAMADA, T., "Several Problems Concerning the Beach Erosion at 

 Niigata," -Disaster and Countermeasure , Tokyo, Japan, Aug. 1956. 



58. HANDIN, J.W., and LUDWICK, J.C, "Accretion of Beach Sand Behind a. 

 Detached Breakwater," TM-16, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Beach 

 Erosion Board, Washington, B.C., May 1950. 



Keywords: Accretion, California (Santa Monica), Detached breakwater. 

 Littoral transport, Sediment sizes, Structural dimensions. 

 Wave attenuation. Wave diffraction. Wave refraction 



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