From several years of qualitative and quantitative study of the 

 shore processes effective along the southern California coast, wave 

 turbulence was found to be the most important factor in making sediment 

 with a grain size larger than 125 micrometers (0,125 millimeter) avail- 

 able for transportation along the coast , In the certain constricted 

 tidal inlets, at the shoulders of submarine platforms, and at the sum- 

 mits of submarine ridges and divides, currents are sufficiently acceler- 

 ated at times to transport sand of a substantial grain size, but the 

 magnitude of such sediment shifting is probably inconsequential compared 

 to that which occurs along most beaches and the adjacent sea floor. This 

 paper briefly discusses where and how littoral drifting occurs in this 

 region and gives an example of the relative effectiveness of the various 

 transporting processes as illustrated by the changes which occurred in 

 and near the Santa Monica breakwater. 



50. HABER, D., "Velocity Field and Wave Regime Behind a Low Detached 

 Breakwater," Thesis, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 

 Haifa, Israel, 1970. 



51. HAFERKORN, H.E., Sand Movement^ Beaahes and Kindred Subjects: A 

 Bibliography 3 The Engineer School, Fort Humphreys, Va. , 1930. 



Keywords: Accretion, Bibliography, Detached breakwater, Littoral 

 transport 



An annotated bibliography containing numerous references on the 

 effects of offshore breakwaters on littoral processes. 



52. HAFERKORN, H.E., Breakwaters: A Bibliography ^ Engineer School 

 Library, Army War College, Washington, D.C., May 1932. 



Keywords: Accretion, Bibliography, Detached breakwater. Littoral 

 transport 



An annotated bibliography that deals primarily with breakwaters 

 constructed for navigation purposes. Many of the citations have shore 

 protection applications. Keywords are also provided. 



53. HALE, R.K., "Symposium of Coast Protection Problems," Shore and 

 Beaoh, Vol. 3, No. 3, July 1935, pp. 94-95. 



Keywords: Accretion, Detached breakwater, Massachusetts (Dennis Shore, 

 Vineyard Haven, and Winthrop Beach), Segmented breakwater 



The construction of three offshore breakwaters in Massachusetts is 

 discussed. The Winthrop Beach breakwaters were constructed for shore 

 protection between 1933 and 1935. At Dennis Shore, a harbor of refuge, 

 a detached breakwater completed earlier had totally shoaled by 1935, A 

 detached breakwater constructed at Vineyard Haven caused the shoreline 

 to advance 300 to 400 feet. 



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