grain-size parameters, radioactive tracers, experimental groins, and 

 repetitive beach surveys. The use of alveole or compartmented detached 

 breakwaters at Mourillon Beach, Toulon is described, 



41. FISCHER, J. A., and LU, B.T.D., "Evaluation of Offshore Breakwater 

 Stability Under Wave Action," Pvoceedings of the Offshore Technology 

 Conference^ Vol. 3, 1975, pp. 579-590. 



Keywords: Armor stability. Detached breakwater, Foundation design. 

 Structural stability 



Attacking storm waves affect the overall design of any offshore 

 breakwater used as a protective structure. This paper describes the 

 methods and considerations required to evaluate the stability of an off- 

 shore breakwater under design storm wave action. The following storm 

 wave effects are of concern: 



(a) The possibility of wave forces physically causing 

 damage to the breakwater embankment materials; 



(b) the stability of the breakwater against horizontal 

 sliding; 



(c) the stability of the breakwater embankment against 

 slope failure; and 



(d) the effect of continuing storm waves on the strength 

 and stability of the foundation soils. 



The procedures described in this paper are part of the necessary 

 stability considerations in the design of a breakwater to protect a float- 

 ing nuclear generating plant (FNP) . Although developed for a floating 

 nuclear powerplant, the concepts presented are considered applicable to 

 the stability evaluation of any major offshore breakwater-foundation soil 

 system. They also represent an advance in the state-of-the-art of stabil- 

 ity analyses for offshore structures. 



42. (a) FLORES LIRA, M.A., and MAZA, A. J. A., "New Type of Structures for 



Littoral Drift Control," Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the 

 International Association for Hydraulic Research^ Vol. 4, 1971, 

 pp. 177-182. 



(b) FLORES LIRA, M.A., and MAZA, A, J. A., "Estudio de estructuras 

 para el control del arrastre litoral" (Study of Structures for 

 the Control of Coastal Erosion) , Coastal ^Engineering in Mexico, 

 Proceedings of the Fourth Latin-American Congress of Hydrology , 

 1971 (in Spanish--translation available in CERC library). 



Keywords: Accretion, Detached breakwater. Hydraulic model (three- 

 dimensional). Littoral transport, Movable bed, Tombolo 



