had to be abandoned. Further discussion gives an interesting insight to 

 the understanding of littoral processes as it then existed, 



25. CASSIDY, W.F., "The Trend Toward Dual Purpose Inlet Control," Shore 

 and Beach, Vol. 29, No. 4, Oct. 1961, pp. 22-26. 



Keywords: Accretion, California (Channel Islands), Detached breakwater, 

 Littoral transport , Sand trap 



The relationship between littoral barriers formed by improved inlets 

 and the adjacent beaches is examined. The need for bypassing is estab- 

 lished and present trends in bypassing techniques are discussed. Special 

 note is given to the sand trap method used at Ventura County Harbor (Chan- 

 nel Islands) in southern California. This sand trap is formed by a de- 

 tached breakwater protecting a jettied entrance, 



26. CHATHAM, C.E., Jr., DAVIDSON, D.D., and WHALIN, R,W,, "Study of Beach 

 Widening by the Perched Beach Concept, Santa Monica Bay, California," 

 Technical Report H-73-8, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Sta- 

 tion, Vicksburg, Miss., June 1973. 



Keywords: Beach fill, California (Santa Monica), Currents, Hydraulic 



model (two-dimensional). Hydraulic model (three-dimensional). 

 Littoral transport. Movable bed. Perched beach. Rubble mound. 

 Submerged breakwater 



Hydraulic model studies were conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer 

 Waterways Experiment Station to determine the technical feasibility and 

 optimum design factors of the perched beach concept for widening an exist- 

 ing beach along part of the Santa Monica Bay coastline. The following 

 three models were studied: (a) An undistorted, three-dimensional, fixed- 

 bed model (scale 1:100) was used to determine the effect of the perched 

 beach on rip currents; (b) a distorted-scale (1:100 horizontal, 1:50 ver- 

 tical), two-dimensional, movable-bed model was used to estimate the amount 

 of sand which might be lost seaward over the toe structure due to normal 

 and storm wave actions and to determine the optimim crown elevation of the 

 submerged structure and the length of stone riprap apron required to re- 

 duce the seaward migration of sand to a minimum; and (c) an undistorted, 

 two-dimensional model (scale 1:30) was used to determine the structural 

 design of the proposed rubble-mound toe structure for various depths. 

 The report describes the testing and results up to the premature termina- 

 tion of the model studies. 



27. CHEW. S.Y., "Processes and Beach Development Between Headland Break- 

 waters, South-East Coast of Singapore," Masters Thesis, University 

 of Singapore, 1976 (available in CERC library). 



Keywords: Artificial headlands, Crenulate-shaped bay. Sand tracer study. 

 Sediment gradations. Sediment sizes, Singapore 



14 



