transport, nearly twice as much transport is predicted under correspond- 

 ing wave thrust as that of the data summarized in CERC's Shore Protection 

 Manual . 



22. BRUNO, R.O., WATTS, G,M., and GABLE, C,G., "Sediments Impounded by 

 an Offshore Breakwater," Coastal Sediments 77, Fourth Annual Sympo- 

 sium of the WateruaySj Port, Coastal and Ocean Division, American 

 Society of Civil Engineers, 1977, pp. 1006-1025 (also Reprint 78-8, 

 U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, 

 Fort Belvoir, Va., NTIS AD A051 577). 



Keywords: Accretion, California (Channel Islands), Detached breakwater. 

 Littoral transport. Sand trap. Sediment gradations 



This paper discusses patterns of sediment deposition behind an off- 

 shore breakwater at Channel Islands Harbor, California, Data were col- 

 lected to determine if the deposition observed agrees with that predicted 

 before construction. Both the geometry and size distribution of the de- 

 position sediment are examined. Three-dimensional computer plots illus- 

 trate filling patterns. Sediment-size and sorting distribution which 

 occur during filling are investigated. The data were used to evaluate 

 predicted versus actual filling patterns, and sediment distribution in 

 the impoundment area. 



23. CAMANZI, A., and STRONGOLI, G., Untitled Report to SII-QI (New 

 Designs of Breakwaters with Vertical Sides and of Structures with 

 Sloping Faces: (a) for Port Protection, (b) for Shore Protection), 



XVIIIth International Navigation Congress, Rome, 1953, pp, 111-150 

 (in French) . 



Keywords: Accretion, Design guidelines, Detached breakwater, Italy 



(Bagnoli, Lido of Rome, Loano, and Ostia) , Littoral transport. 

 Rubble mound. Structural dimensions, Tombolo, Wave attenuation 



This report deals, in part, with the use of detached breakwaters for 

 shore protection in Italy. Segmented breakwaters have been built for 

 this purpose at the Lido of Rome, Loano, and Bagnoli, Design considera- 

 tions are presented, based on the experience with these structures. 



24. CAREY, A.E., "The Sanding Up of Tidal Harbours," Proceedings of 

 the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 156, Pt. II, 1903-1904, 

 pp. 215-302. 



Keywords: Accretion, Brazil (Ceara) , Construction procedures. Currents, 

 Detached breakwater, Downdrift beaches, Littoral transport. 

 Wave attenuation 



The paper includes case histories of several notable harbor con- 

 structions in the late 19th century. Discussed in detail is the example 

 of Ceara, Brazil, where a detached breakwater connected to shore by an 

 open viaduct was constructed in 1885, The harbor quickly shoaled and 



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