15. BIXBY, W,H., "Notes on the Pointe de Grave, River Gironde, France, 

 and the Works for the Protection of its Shore Against Encroachments 

 of the Sea," U.S. Army, Engineer Department, Washington, B.C., 1881, 



Keywords: Accretion, Armor stability, France (Anse des Huttes and Pointe 

 de Grave), Rubble mound. Segmented breakwater. Structural di- 

 mensions, Wave attenuation 



Notes discuss Pointe de Grave, located at the mouth of the Gironde 

 River in France. From 1817 to 1830, the point eroded about 15 meters 

 per year; from 1830 to 1842, the rate increased to 30 meters per year. 

 In spite of stabilization attempts by the government, the rate increased 

 to 48 meters per year from 1842 to 1846, Beginning in 1854, a segmented, 

 detached, rubble-mound breakwater was constructed about 150 meters from 

 shore. The breakwater extended 1,300 meters with a crest elevation of 

 1.5 meters below the high water line (HWL) . The breakwater successfully 

 protected the beach at Anse des Huttes and caused a considerable accre- 

 tion of littoral materials in its lee. 



16. BLUE, F.L., Jr., and JOHNSON, J.W., "Diffraction of Water Waves 

 Passing Through a Breakwater Gap," Report HE-1 16-299, Department 



of Engineering, Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, University of California, 

 Berkeley, Calif., Mar. 1949. 



Keywords: Hydraulic model (three-dimensional). Wave diffraction 



This investigation experimentally identified wave patterns and 

 comparative wave heights due to diffraction of water waves entering a 

 gap in a breakwater normal to the incident wave direction in water of 

 uniform depth, and compared these results with approximate theoretical 

 solutions. Both deepwater and shallow-water waves were studied. Oblique 

 incidence and varying depths were not investigated, but approximate 

 methods of considering their effect are suggested. The results verified 

 the general form of the wave diffraction theory for breakwater gaps with 

 gap-width and wavelength ratios as small as 1.41 in water depths as small 

 as 0.14 wavelength. The theory and computation methods considered in the 

 investigation form a usable basis for estimating the effect on diffrac- 

 tion of waves at a breakwater gap. 



17. BONNEFILLE, R., and ALLEN, H., "Study of Mourillon Beach," Report 

 T373, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique, Electricite de France, 

 1964. 



Keywords: France (Mourillon Beach-Toulon) 



18. BRATER, E.F., et al., "The Michigan Demonstration Erosion Control 

 Program in 1976," Technical Report No, 55, Michigan Sea Grant Pro- 

 gram, Coastal Zone Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 

 Mich,, Feb. 1977. 



Keywords: Hydraulic model (three-dimensional). Movable bed. Submerged 

 breakwater. Wave attenuation 



