can also be used in the design of coastal structures for prediction of 

 erosion-accretion zones in stable areas, 



211. WATTS, G.M., "Field Inspection of Erosion Problems in India," 

 Shore and Beaah^ Vol. 37, No. 2, Oct. 1968, pp. 34-60. 



Keywords: Accretion, Detached breakwater, Downdrift beaches, India 



(Visakhapatnam) , Littoral transport. Sand trap. Ship hulls 



Numerous coastal projects were inspected in October and November 

 1963, as a technical service to the Government of India, Visakhapatnam 

 harbor was visited on 20-21 September. An account is given of the his- 

 tory of the harbor and its maintenance operations. Special emphasis is 

 given to the detached breakwater sand trap. 



212. WATTS, G.M., VALLIANOS, L., and JACHOWSKI, R.A., Untitled report 

 to SII-S2 (Means of Controlling Littoral Drift to Protect Beaches, 

 Dunes, Estuaries, and Harbor Entrances. Establishment of Artificial 

 Beaches), XXIIId International Navigation Congress^ Ottawa, 1973, 

 pp. 233-257 (also Reprint 25-73, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, 

 Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., NTIS AD 

 A773 930). 



Keywords: California (Channel Islands and Venice), Detached breakwater, 



Illinois (Chicago), Littoral transport, Massachusetts (Winthrop 

 Beach), Sand trap. Segmented breakwater. Submerged breakwater 



A summary of techniques used in the United States for controlling 

 littoral drift to stabilize beaches, dunes, and entrances to harbors and 

 estuaries is presented. The use of detached breakwaters for shore sta- 

 bilization and as sand traps for harbor entrances is discussed briefly. 



213. WONG, P.P., "Beach Formation Between Breakwaters, Southeast Coast 

 of Singapore," Journal of Tropical Geography, Vol. 37, 1973, pp. 

 68-73. 



214. YAMADA, S., "On the Beach Erosion at Niigata Coast," Proceedings 

 of the Second Conference on Coastal Engineering in Japan , Japan 

 Society of Civil Engineers, 1955, pp. 174-186 (in Japanese). 



Keywords: Compartmented breakwater. Concrete structures, Foundation 

 design, Japan (Niigata) 



215. YASSO, W.E., "Plan Geometry of Headland Bay Beaches," Technical 

 Report No. 7, Office of Naval Research, Geology Branch, Washington, 

 D.C., 1964. 



Keywords: Crenulate-shaped bay. Littoral transport, Sediment sizes. 

 Wave diffraction. Wave refraction 



A headland-bay beach is defined as a beach lying in the lee of a 

 headland subjected to a predominant direction of wave attack. Such 



70 



