AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SEAGRASSES WITH 

 EMPHASIS ON PLANTING AND PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES 



hy 

 Daniel B. Knight, Paul L. Knutson, and Edward J. Pullen 



I. INTRODUCTION 



Seagrasses are valuable resources to the coastal marine ecosystem, and 

 coastal engineering activities have created impacts which adversely affect 

 these resources. This annotated bibliography is published to assist coastal 

 engineers and scientists in planning, designing and transplanting seagrasses 

 to restore areas changed by coastal engineering projects, and to stabilize 

 substrates adjacent to navigation channels. The report includes both the his- 

 toric and the recent research published on transplanting seagrasses. Some of 

 the citations were obtained from previously published literature reviews 

 (Phillips, 1964; McRoy and Phillips, 1968; Zieman, Bridges, and McRoy, 1978; 

 Jones and Schubel, 1978). This intensive review emphasizes the genera 

 Halodule, Ruppia, Thalassia, and Zostera. 



II. USE OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Entries in the bibliography are arranged alphabetically by author or source 

 and reference number. Most entries include the source information and a short 

 abstract. A keyword index by reference number is also provided. 



To search a given topic, refer to the keyword index and locate the term 

 that best describes the subject. For example, if the kejword is Thalassia, 

 then all references listed under Thalassia should be reviewed. If references 

 on more specific topics are required, a combination of keywords may be used. 

 For example, if information on "planting methods of Thalassia" is desired, 

 then references whicK appear under both ke5rwords (planting methods and 

 Thalassia) need to be checked. 



Since some references may be listed under only one of several closely 

 related keywords; it is advisable to check many potential keywords to ensure 

 complete coverage on a particular subject. 



Some references were not located for review but, because of their reference 

 to seagrass planting and propagation, were cited. Keywords for these publica- 

 tions were taken from their titles. 



III. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 



1. ADAMS, S.M., "The Ecology of Eelgrass, Zostera marina (L), Fish Commu- 

 nities. I. Structural Analysis," Journal of Experimental Marine Biology 

 and Ecology, Vol. 22, No. 3, June 1976, pp. 269-291. 



Fish populations in eelgrass {Zostera rmrina) beds in two different estua- 

 rine areas (Phillips Island and Bogue Sound) near Beaufort, North Carolina, 

 were compared to determine aspects of their community structure. The fish 

 communities were characterized by low diversity and high standing crops of 

 biomass and energy, both of which showed seasonal variation. Wide temperature 

 fluctuations related to the overall shallowness of the beds probably regulated 

 the diversity of fishes utilizing the beds. The communities were dominated by 

 pinfish {Lagodon rhombiodes) , which comprised 45 and 67 percent of the fish 

 biomass in the Phillips Island and Bogue Sound beds, respectively. 



