98. PHILLIPS, R.C., "Comprehensive Bibliography of Zosteva mxrina," Special 

 Scientific Report, Wildlife No. 79, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 

 Bureau of Sport Fish Wildlife, Washington, D.C., Jan. 1964. 



This is an alphabetical listing by author of worldwide research on eel- 

 grass (Zosteva mavina) prior to 1964. Abstracts are not included. 



99. PHILLIPS, R.C., "On Species of the Seagrass Halodule in Florida," Bulle- 

 tin of Marine Saienae, Vol. 17, No. 3, Sept. 1967, pp. 672-676. 



Three vegetative leaf characters (leaf width, apex morphlogy, and the 

 presence or absence of lacunae around the midvein), previously used to 

 separate species of the seagrass Halodule, are shown to vary on the same 

 plant, and also on plants in different environments, to such a degree that 

 they cannot be used as species characters. Phillips' opinion is that all 

 Halodule plants he observed from Florida waters belong to Halodule wvightii 

 Ascherson. 



100. PHILLIPS, R.C., "Ecological Life History of Zosteva rmvina L. (Eelgrass) 

 in Puget Sound, Washington," Ph.D. Dissertation, University of 

 Washington, Seattle, Wash., Aug. 1972. 



This report includes observations and experiments on the occurrence as 

 well as vegetative and reproductive behavior of eelgrass in Puget Sound. Eel- 

 grass was found from Admiralty Head on Whidbey Island, on both sides of Puget 

 Sound, to east of a line from the Nisqually Flats to Henderson Bay in southern 

 Puget Sound. Eelgrass was absent west of this line, and on the east side of 

 Whidbey Island growth was patchy. Eelgrass in the Puget Sound is limited in 

 depth to -6.8 meters. Transplants placed at -8.0, -9.6, and -10.6 meters 

 indicated that vegetative growth at depths greater than -6.6 meters was 

 favorable. 



Intertidal turions were three to four times denser than subtidal turions, 

 but maintained an average biomass approximately equal to that of subtidal 

 turions. Rhizome biomass exceeded leaf biomass in fall, winter, and spring. 

 Minimum vegetative biomass was found in winter; maximum biomass was found in 

 summer. Vegetative activities of root and leaf growth were initiated in 

 February, following a 2- or 3-month period of relative growth dormancy. The 

 stimulus for vegetative and floral initiation in late winter is a photo- 

 periodic response. Reproductive biomass was greatest from May through 

 August. The maximum vegetative biomass occurred after the initial appearance 

 of maximum reproductive biomass. By early August fruits began maturing and in 

 late August and in September seeds were formed. 



Seed germination occurred throughout the year, but predominantly from 

 April to July, following the summer of their formation. Only those seeds 

 which germinated from March to July attained sufficient growth to survive the 

 erosive effect of fall storms. Only 1 to 6 percent of the seed crop germi- 

 nated in normal strength seawater (30 parts per thousand), while up to 70 per- 

 cent of the seeds germinated in dilute salinities. An eelgrass meadow was 

 maintained by seed germination and vegetative growth. The latter method was 

 the more significant. Geographic dispersal was by seed dissemination from 

 floating reproductive turions. 



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