functions in the coastal environment. They tolerate a wide range of salini- 

 ties and water temperatures. The most important role of seagrasses in the 

 food chain is their formation of detrius. There is an important relationship 

 between seagrass detrius and nutrient cycling within and across ecosystem 

 boundaries. Seagrass leaves act as a baffle that increases the rate of par- 

 ticulate sedimentation, preferentially concentrating the finer particles and 

 stabilizing the underlying sedimentary deposits. Despite the ability of sea- 

 grasses to adapt to a fluctuating environment, several, human-related activi- 

 ties threaten the hardy plants. 



106. PHILLIPS, R.C., "Planting Guidelines for Seagrasses," CETA 80-2, U.S. 

 Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort 

 Belvoir, Va., Feb. 1980. 



An intensive review was made of the historical and present work on 

 transplanting seagrasses, including eelgrass, turtlegrass, shoalgrass, 

 manateegrass, and ditchgrass. The best seasons, recommended methods of 

 transplanting, and propagules to use for each species are listed for the 

 coasts of the United States. Some of the more important environmental 

 parameters which directly influence successful transplanting are reviewed. 



107. PHILLIPS, R.C., and McROY, C.P. , eds.. Handbook of Seagrass Biology: An 

 Eaosystem Pevs-peative, 1st ed.. Garland, New York, 1980. 



This book includes discussions of leaf morphology, anatomy, phenology, 

 taxonomy, transplanting methods, culture methods, remote sensing of seagrass 

 beds, productivity, faunal relationships, and detritus-decomposition relation- 

 ships of seagrasses. 



108. PHILLIPS, R.C., and SHAW, R.R. , "Zosteva noltii Hornem, in Washington, 

 U.S.A.," SyesiSy Vol. 9, 1976, pp. 355-358. 



Evidence is presented to substantiate the use of the specific epithet 

 Zosteva noltii for a second species of Zostera in Washington State. The 

 authors conclude that these plants do not constitute a new species, i.e., 

 Z. amevicana. 



109. PHILLIPS, R.C., VINCENT, M.K. , and HUFFMAN, R.T. , "Habitat Development 

 Field Investigation, Port St. Joe Seagrasses Demonstration Site, Port St. 

 Joe, Florida," Report No. TR D-78-S3, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways 

 Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., July 1978. 



Shoalgrass iHalodule wrightii) was transplanted at Port St. Joe, Florida, 

 using the plug technique. Two sizes of plugs were removed from a natural 

 meadow and planted on coarse-grained, dredged material at three different 

 spacings. Many of the transplants grew significantly before the project 

 failed nearly 13 months after planting. Best growth was obtained with 375- 

 square centimeter plugs planted on 0.9-meter centers. The reason for the 

 project failure is not known. 



110. PHILLIPS, R.C., et al. , "Halodule lyrightii Ascherson in the Gulf of 

 Mexico," Contributions in Marine Science, Vol. 18, Sept. 1974, pp. 257- 

 261. 



An abundance of flowering material and fruiting material of Halodule was 

 found in Redfish Bay, near Port Aransas, Texas, in May and July 1974. The 



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