4700RS0001 

 McCURDY, P. G., Manual of Coastal Delineation from Aerial Photographs, United States 

 Navy Hydrographic Office Publication No. 592, United States Navy Hydrographic 

 Office, Washington, D.C., 1947, 143 pp. (Reprinted, 1966). 



Keywords: Aerial Photographs, Coastal Mapping 



Book presents an extensive treatment on delineation of coastal features from photos for 

 mapping and charting purposes and a well-illustrated discussion of types of coasts. Many 

 illustrations are single photos or stereopairs. Procedures are given for locating the high water 

 line on photos from sHght changes in gray color tones of the beach. Difficulties in 

 determining water depths accurately from small-scale photos are noted. However, it is 

 concluded that shallow areas and other hazards to navigation can be identified by careful 

 examination of photos. The many photos of coastal landforms are an outstanding feature. 



4701RS0001 

 MUNK, W. H., and TRAYLOR, M. A., "Refraction of Ocean Waves; A Process Linking 

 Underwater Topography to Beach Erosion," The Journal of Geology, Vol. 55, No. 1, Jan. 

 1947, pp. 1-26. 



Keywords: Aerial Photographs, Wave Patterns, California Coast 



This is a detailed study of wave refraction related to offshore topography. Refraction 

 diagrams along the southern California coast near the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 

 were compared to photos; there was a good correlation. The photos confirm the response of 

 waves to underwater topography as predicted by refraction theory. Convergence of waves 

 traveling over submerged ridges and divergence of waves moving over submarine canyons are 

 illustrated by aerial and ground photos. Relation of refraction to coastal erosion is 

 discussed. 



4701RS0002 

 WILLIAMS, W. W., "The Determination of Gradients on Enemy -Held Beaches," The 

 Geographical Journal, Vol. 109, No. 1, Jan. 1947, pp. 76-93. 



Keywords: Aerial Photographs, Water Depths, Shoreline Delineation 



Article describes and evaluates four methods of computing beach and nearshore profiles by 

 photos as used during World War II. One method uses plots of the waterline made from 

 photos taken at different times and tide tables to calculate the gradient between the high 

 and low tide waterline. Method is susceptible to error and does not give profiles for any area 

 covered at low tide. Tliree wave methods, based on relations between velocity, period, 

 refraction, and water depths, are discussed. The wave -velocity procedure requires photos 

 with the time lapse between exposures known to the nearest second. Wave -period method 

 requires hydrographic data. The wave refraction procedure has not been used extensively. 

 Photos are used to illustrate the methods. 



