6000RS0003 

 WILLIAMS, W. W., Coastal Changes, Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., London, 1960, 



220 pp. 

 Keywords: Aerial Photographs, Coastal Changes 



A discussion of coastal changes includes a review of forces that cause them. A chapter on 

 evidence on coastal changes and observational methods discusses measurement techniques in 

 coastal erosion surveys. Inaccuracies of many personal observations and old maps are 

 mentioned. The small scale of many nautical charts and the infrequency of revision are 

 listed as the primary limitations in erosion studies. Use of photos in coastal-change studies is 

 described. The problem of scale variation between photos is noted, and the necessity of 

 using distances from charts or maps to determine the scale of each photo rather than use of 

 the nominal photo scale is emphasized. The desirable scale and other characteristics of 

 photos taken for coastal-change studies are given. 



6000RS0004 

 RAY, RICHARD G., "Aerial Photographs in Geologic Interpretation and Mapping," 

 Professional Paper 373, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., 1960. 



Keywords: Aerial Photographs, Photogrammetry, Geological Applications, Beach Erosion 



Publication covers the geological applications of photos. Principles and techniques for using 

 photos in different types of geological studies are described. Section on interpretation of 

 photos in engineering geology discusses their use in beach erosion studies. Principles of 

 photogrammetry related to measurements on the photos that are useful in geological 

 applications are also covered. Publication provides useful background information in which 

 geological considerations are relatively important. 



6003RS0001 



KOWALCZYK, CHESTER E., and STREES, LEO V., "New Attacks on Special Photo- 



grammetric Problems," Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 1, Mar. 1960, 



pp. 44-47. 



Keywords: Aerial Photographs, Water Depths, Coastal Mapping 



Article reviews problems of the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office (USNHO) in using 

 photogrammetry to prepare nautical charts; one is the difficulty in determining water 

 depths from photos. Measurement of water depths (to a maximum of about 20 feet) by 

 parallax methods with linear correction to the observed depth has been used to a limited 

 extent by USNHO. The difficulty is in obtaining photos with sufficient penetration of water 

 bodies for practical hydrographic mapping. Use of aerial and shipboard photos to determine 

 wave characteristics is discussed. Two aircraft in tandem taking simultaneous photos of the 

 water surface have been used as an approach to the problem. 



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